ABSTRACT
Background: A number of chlorhexidine mouth rinse preparations have been developed with „antidiscoloration‟ additives, in an attempt to counteract the undesirable tooth discoloration that accompanies the clinical activity of this „gold-standard‟ plaque control agent. However, the efficacy of such formulations for periodontal maintenance remains yet to be elucidated. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash with a plasdone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) anti-discoloration system for maintenance after flap surgery, as compared to conventional 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Methods and Material: The investigation was carried out at the Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, and was designed as a randomized parallel group, triple blind study. Forty patients with chronic periodontal disease, with at least one sextant (with the presence of at least two teeth) scheduled for flap surgery were included and randomly divided into two groups. After preparation, open flap debridement was carried out and the patients were provided pre-calibrated color masked bottles, containing either 0.2% chlorhexidine, or 0.2% chlorhexidine with an anti-discoloration system, which they were instructed to use twice a day (10 ml for 1 minute) for 3 Huda Hussain, Suhail Majid Jan, Roobal Behal. Chlorhexidine mouth rinse with a plasdone based anti-discolouration system for maintenance after periodontal flap surgery: A comparative clinical study. IAIM, 2019; 6(5): 124-131. Page 125 months. Tooth brushing was reinstituted one week after surgery and the patients were recalled every 15 days. Gingival index, Plaque index and Discoloration index were recorded immediately before, 1 month and 3 months after surgery and compared in the two groups. The quantitative data was evaluated as means and standard deviations (SD). Paired t-test was used to evaluate the intragroup differences; intergroup comparisons of post-treatment changes were analyzed by unpaired t-test. Pvalues <0.05 were considered to statistically significant. Results: Post-operative healing and patient compliance were satisfactory with either mouth rinse. After 3 months of use, a statistically non-significant difference (p<0.05) between the two treatments was found for all indices, with the values being marginally higher for the CHX-ADS mouthwash. Over time, plaque index and discoloration were significantly increased over baseline in both the treatments, however, inter-treatment variation was non-significant. Conclusions: The statistical analysis of the present data reveals that PVP neither significantly reduced the efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine nor significantly reduced the staining side effect.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: A measure to increase the electroencephalogram [EEG] outcome includes a short period of nap sleep during a routine standard EEG with the aim of increasing its sensitivity to interictal abnormalities or provoking seizures. As part of an ongoing auditing of our EEG data, we aimed to investigate the contribution of nap sleep during routine outpatient department based EEGs requested for a variety of reasons
Methods: EEG data at the Department of Clinical Physiology at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, from July 2006 to December 2007 and from January 2009 to December 2010 [total 42 months] were reviewed. The EEGs were for patients older than 13-years referred for possible epilepsy, blackouts, headache, head trauma, and other non-specified attacks. The recording period was between 20 to 40 minutes. Abnormalities were identified during waking and nap sleep periods
Results: A total of 2 547 EEGs were reviewed and 744 were abnormal [29.2%]. Of those abnormal EEGs, nap sleep was obtained in 258 [34.7%] EEGs, and 39 [15.1%] showed abnormalities during nap sleep. Nineteen out of the 39 [48.7%] EEGs were abnormal during awake and nap sleep; and 20 [51.3%] were abnormal during nap sleep, which represented only 2.7% of the total abnormal EEGs [n = 744]
Conclusions: The contribution of the short nap sleep to the pickup rate of interictal abnormalities in EEG was minimal. We recommend the EEG service to include one cycle of spontaneous sleep EEG directed at patients with a history suggestive of epilepsy if their awake EEGs are normal