Physicochemical Processes of Biofilm Formation on The Surface of Structures in Water / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Microorganisms can form biofilms, complex, heterogeneous, multicellular communities that adhere to surfaces. Biofilm formation on the surface of structures in water will accelerate structures’ corrosion, seriously affect their service efficiency and life, and significantly impact the growth of animals, plants, and human life. Hence, clarifying the mechanism of biofilm formation contributes to developing new strategies to control biofilm formation on surface and then reduce infections, biofouling, and contaminations. Biofilm-targeting strategies include the regulation of established biofilms or the modulation of single-cell attachment. In most studies, physicochemical mechanism is frequently applied to explain the initial bacterial adhesion phenomena but rarely to explain other stages of biofilm formation. This review presents a five-step comprehensive description of the physicochemical process from film formation to biofilm maturation: (1) period of film formation; (2) period of bacterial adhesion; (3) period of extracellular-polymeric-substances (EPSs) membrane formation; (4) period of regulating biofilm by quorum sensing (QS); (5) period of biofilm maturation. We first clarify how the film formed by compound molecules affects the surface’s physicochemical properties and initial adhesion, summarizing many factors that affect bacterial adhesion. We then review the types of EPSs and signal molecules secreted by bacteria after irreversible adhesion, as well as their role and QS mechanism in biofilm maturation. Finally, we discuss how bacteria or microcolonies separate from the mature biofilm by physicochemical action and summarize the morphology and adhesion characterization methods after the biofilm matures. This review redefines the role of physicochemical in the whole process of biofilm formation and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention, removal, and utilization of biofilm and other related research fields.

Clinical Efficacy of Withdrawal Therapy Based on Regulating Nutritive Qi and Defensive Qiin Treating Sedative-Hypnotic Dependent Insomnia of Disharmony Between Nutritive Qiand Defensive Qi Type / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of withdrawal therapy based on regulating nutritive qi and defensive qi(shortened to Tiaohe Yingwei method)in treating sedative-hypnotic dependent insomnia of disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi type.Methods Ninety patients with sedative-hypnotic dependent insomnia of disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi type were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 45 patients in each group.The control group was given oral use of Estazolam by 25%of weekly dose-reduction,while the treatment group was treated with Chinese medicinal decoction of Tiaohe Yingwei Zhumian Prescription based on Tiaohe Yingwei method together with Estazolam.The treatment course for the two groups lasted for 4 weeks.The changes of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores,total TCM syndrome scores,and Drug-withdrawal Syndrome Scale(DWSS)scores in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the efficacy for improving sleep efficiency value(IUSEV)and clinical safety in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the trial,2 cases fell off in the treatment group,and 43 cases included in the statistics;3 cases fell off in the control group,and 42 cases included in the statistics.(2)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for improving IUSEV of the treatment group was 88.37%(38/43),and that of the control group was 61.90%(26/42).The intergroup comparison by non-parametric rank-sum test showed that the efficacy for improving IUSEV in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,obvious reduction was shown in the overall PSQI scores and the scores of the items of sleep quality,time for falling asleep,sleep time,sleep efficiency,sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction in the two groups when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that except for the items of sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction,the treatment group had stronger effect on decreasing the scores of the remaining items and the overall PSQI scores than the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the total scores of TCM syndromes of both groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of the total scores of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the total DWSS scores of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the effect on lowering the scores in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(6)During the course of treatment,no significant adverse reactions occurred in the two groups,or no abnormal changes were found in the safety indexes such as routine test of blood,urine and stool,liver and kidney function,and electrocardiogram of the patients.Conclusion Withdrawal therapy based on Tiaohe Yingwei method exerts certain effect for the treatment of sedative-hypnotic dependent insomnia of disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi type.The therapy is effective on improving the quality of sleep and reducing the incidence of drug-withdrawal syndrome,and has a high safety.

Clinical Observation on Acupuncture Combined with Guanxinning Tablets in the Treatment of Heart Vessel Obstruction Type of Chest Obstruction Syndrome / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with Guanxinning Tablets in the treatment of heart vessel obstruction type of chest obstruction syndrome.Methods Eighty patients with heart vessel obstruction type of chest obstruction syndrome were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group,the control group was given conventional western medicine treatment,the observation group was given acupuncture combined with Guanxinning Tablets on the basis of the treatment in the control group,and the patients in the two groups were treated continuously for 30 days.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 1 month of treatment.After 1 month of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.The changes in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)scores,including chest tightness,palpitations,stabbing pains in the chest,and dark complexion,as well as the frequency and duration of angina pectoris were observed before and after the treatment in the two groups.The changes of serum monocyte chemotactic factor 1(MPC-1),hs-CRP,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.Results(1)The total effective rate was 95.00%(38/40)in the observation group and 75.00%(30/40)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of patients in the two groups,including chest tightness and palpitations,chest tingling,and dark complexion,were significantly improved,and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the TCM syndrome scores of chest tightness and palpitations,chest tingling,and dark complexion,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the frequency and duration of angina attacks in the two groups were significantly improved,and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the frequency and duration of angina attacks,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum hs-CRP,MPC-1,and TNF-α levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the serum hs-CRP,MPC-1 and TNF-α levels,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the serum MAPK and TLR4 levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving serum MAPK and TLR4 levels,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture combined with Guanxinning Tablets for the treatment of heart vessel obstruction type of chest obstruction syndrome can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of the patients,effectively alleviate the body's inflammatory response,reduce the level of serum MAPK and TLR4,and the clinical efficacy is remarkable.

Study on the Mechanism of Guanyuan Mingmen Sequential Acupuncture Activating FSHR/cAMP/PKA Pathway to Promote Granulosa Cell Proliferation in POI Model Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Guanyuan Mingmen Sequential Acupuncture on rats with premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)model.Methods Female SD rats were divided into the blank group,the model group,the protein kinase A(PKA)inhibitor(H89)+acupuncture group,and the acupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the POI model was prepared by gavage with Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets in the other three groups of rats.After the model was successfully established,the blank group and the model group were bundled once a day;in the acupuncture group,Guanyuan(RN4)point was taken during the intermotility period,and in the pre-motility period,Mingmen(DU4)point was taken;in the H89+acupuncture group,the intervention was performed in accordance with the acupuncture protocol of the acupuncture group,and H89 was injected intraperitoneally for 30 minutes prior to each acupuncture session.Continuous intervention was performed for 20 days.Samples were taken from each group of rats in the first estrus period and in proestrus period after intervention.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2)during the estrous phase,Western Blot was used to measure the protein expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)and aromatase P450(P450arom)during the estrous phase,and the activity of granulocytes during the estrous phase and the proestrus phase were measured using the cell-counting kit 8(CCK-8)method.The immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the protein expression of pre-motility proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA).Results(1)Compared with the blank group,the serum FSH level of the model group and H89+acupuncture group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the E2 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.001);there was no difference between the FSH level of the H89+acupuncture group and that of the model group(P＞0.05),and the E2 level of the H89+acupuncture group was lower than that of the model group(P＜0.05);the FSH level of the acupuncture group was lower than that of the model group and that of the H89+acupuncture group(P＜0.05),had no difference with the blank group(P＞0.05),E2 level was significantly higher than the model group and H89+ acupuncture group(P＜0.01),still being lower than the blank group(P＜0.05).(2)The protein expressions of FSHR and P450arom in the model group and H89 + acupuncture group was lower than those in the blank group;the protein expression of FSHR in the H89 + acupuncture group was not different from that in the model group(P＞0.05),while the protein expression level of P450arom was lower than that in the model group(P＜0.05);the protein expression levels of FSHR and P450arom in the acupuncture group were higher than those in the model group and H89 + acupuncture group,but still lower than those in the blank group(P＜0.05).(3)Both GCs activity and average optical density value of PCNA in the model group and H89+acupuncture group were lower than the blank group(P＜0.05);both GCs activity and average optical density value of PCNA in the H89+acupuncture group were lower than the model group(P＜0.05);the activity of GCs and average optical density value of PCNA of the acupuncture group were significantly higher than that of the model group and H89+acupuncture group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Guanyuan Mingmen Sequential Acupuncture can regulate sex hormone levels,increase GCs activity and promote GCs cell proliferation by up-regulating protein expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)pathway FSHR,P450arom,thus improving POI.

Chinese Medicines Combined with Hormones in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure:A Network Meta-analysis / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To screen the optimal regimen of Chinese medicine combined with hormones for the treatment of premature ovarian failure(POF)using network meta-analysis and to provide an evidence-based basis for the clinical treatment of POF.Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Chinese medicine combined with hormones in the treatment of POF were retrieved from thhe domestic and oversea databases of CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and Web of Science.The quality of the literature was assessed using the tools for analysis of bias recommended by Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook and by Jadad scale scores.Rstudio and StataSE 15.1 statistical software were used to perform network meta-analysis and graphical presentation of the data.Results A total of 50 RCTs were included,covering 8 intervention methods.The overall risk of bias of the included studies was low,but the quality of the literature was generally low.The results of network meta-analysis showed that,in terms of the effective rate,the intervetion of 7 various Chinese medicines combined with hormone was superior to the conventional treatment(hormone replacement therapy,HRT)in the control group,and Nuangong Qiwei Powder+HRT was superior to the remaining 6 kinds of Chinese medicines combined with HRT;with reference to the values of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA),the efficiencies of the effective rate of the 8 intervention methods in descending order were Nuangong Qiwei Powder+ HRT(SUCRA=81.2),Zishen Yutai Pills + HRT(SUCRA=80.0),modified Zuogui Pills + HRT(SUCRA= 66.1),Ankun Zhongzi Pills + HRT(SUCRA=49.6),Kuntai Capsules + HRT(SUCRA=45.2),modified Erxian Decoction + HRT(SUCRA=39.5),Liuwei Dihuang Pills + HRT(SUCRA=37.4)and HRT(SUCRA=1.0).In terms of improving serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,modified Zuogui Pills + HRT was superior to the remaining 7 intervention methods;with reference to the values of the SUCRA,the efficiencies of the 8 intervention methods in descending order were modified Zuogui Pills + HRT(SUCRA=97.0),HRT(SUCRA= 77.9),Liuwei Dihuang Pills + HRT(SUCRA=76.6),Kuntai Capsules + HRT(SUCRA=46.5),Nuangong Qiwei Powder+HRT(SUCRA=38.9),Ankun Zhongzi Pills + HRT(SUCRA=29.9),modified Erxian Decoction + HRT(SUCRA=18.1),and Zishen Yutai Pills + HRT(SUCRA=15.1).Conclusion All kinds of Chinese medicines combined with HRT exert stronger effect on improving the primary outcome indicators than HRT alone for the treatment of POF.The intervention with Nuangong Qiwei Powder+HRT exerts the highest probability of the optimal regimen for enhancing the efficiency,and the intervention with Zuogui Pills + HRT exerts the highest probability of the optimal regimen for lowering the serum FSH level.However,due to the low quality of the included studies,more rigorously-designed,large sample-size,and high-quality randomized controlled trials need to be conducted in the future to provide conclusive evidence-based evidence.

Differential diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease with other fever of unknown origin causes / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic indicators of adult-onset Still's disease(AOSD)from other fever of unknown origin(FUO).Methods The clinical data and laboratory indicators of 177 AOSD patients and 163 FUO patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2010 to May 2021 were collected,and the patients were randomly divided into training group and verification group.Statistically significant variables were extracted from univariate analysis for receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and the best cut-off value of the variables was obtained.The differential diagnostic indicators were extracted by multivariate logistic regression analysis and nomogram model was constructed.ROC curve,calibration curve,and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy and stability of nomogram.Results Univariate analysis revealed that there were significant differences in 4 clinical features(arthralgia,rash,pharyngeal pain,myalgia)and 14 laboratory parameters[white blood cell count(WBC),monocyte percentage,neutrophil percentage,lymphocyte percentage,platelet count,C-reactive protein,interleukin-6(IL-6),ferritin,globulin,immunoglobulin A,and immunoglobulin G(IgG),creatine kinase,creatinine and complement C3].Multivariate analysis suggested that arthralgia,WBC≥9.995×109/L,IL-6≥98.13 ng/L,ferritin≥507.37 ng/ml,globulin≤36.58g/L,IgG≤13.59g/L,complement C3≥1.27 g/L were related with AOSD.The area under curve(AUC)values of training group and verification group were 0.917(95%CI 0.883-0.951)and 0.869(95%CI 0.802-0.936),respectively.The calibration curves showed good consistency.The decision curve analysis showed that training group and verification group had a large positive rate of return in the wide risk range of 5%-85%and 10%-85%,respectively.Conclusions This study has established a relatively accurate AOSD differential diagnosis model.The combination of arthralgia,WBC,IL-6,ferritin,globulin,IgG and complement C3 may help to distinguish AOSD from other causes of FUO.

Association between congenital hypothyroidism and in-hospital adverse outcomes in very low birth weight infants / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and the adverse outcomes during hospitalization in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods: This prospective, multicenter observational cohort study was conducted based on the data from the Sino-northern Neonatal Network (SNN). Data of 5 818 VLBWI with birth weight <1 500 g and gestational age between 24-<37 weeks that were admitted to the 37 neonatal intensive care units from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2022 were collected and analyzed. Thyroid function was first screened at 7 to 10 days after birth, followed by weekly tests within the first 4 weeks, and retested at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age or before discharge. The VLBWI were assigned to the CH group or non-CH group. Chi-square test, Fisher exact probability method, Wilcoxon rank sum test, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between CH and poor prognosis during hospitalization in VLBWI. Results: A total of 5 818 eligible VLBWI were enrolled, with 2 982 (51.3%) males and the gestational age of 30 (29, 31) weeks. The incidence of CH was 5.5% (319 VLBWI). Among the CH group, only 121 VLBWI (37.9%) were diagnosed at the first screening. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CH was associated with increased incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) (OR=1.31(1.04-1.64), P<0.05) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of stage Ⅲ and above (OR=1.74(1.11-2.75), P<0.05). However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed no significant correlation between CH and EUGR, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in stage Ⅱ or above, and ROP in stage Ⅲ or above (OR=1.04 (0.81-1.33), 0.79 (0.54-1.15), 1.15 (0.58-2.26), 1.43 (0.81-2.53), 1.12 (0.70-1.80), all P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between CH and in-hospital adverse outcomes, possibly due to timely diagnosis and active replacement therapy.

CD19-Specific CAR-T Cell Treatment of 115 Children and Young Adults with Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Long-term Follow-up / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Chemotherapy has been the primary treatment for patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, there are still patients who are not sensitive to chemotherapy, including those with refractory/relapse (R/R) disease and those experiencing minimal residual disease (MRD) re-emergence. Chimeric antigen receptor-T lymphocytes (CAR-T) therapy may provide a new treatment option for these patients. @*Materials and Methods@#Our institution conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial (ChiCTR-OPN-17013507) using CAR-T-19 to treat R/R B-ALL and MRD re-emergent patients. One hundred and fifteen patients, aged 1-25 years (median age, 8 years), were enrolled, including 67 R/R and 48 MRD re-emergent CD19-positive B-ALL patients. @*Results@#All patients achieved morphologic complete remission (CR), and within 1 month after infusion, 111 out of 115 (96.5%) patients achieved MRD-negative CR. With a median follow-up time of 48.4 months, the estimated 4-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 68.7%±4.5% and 70.7%±4.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences in long-term efficacy observed among patients with different disease statuses before infusion (4-year OS: MRD re-emergence vs. R/R B-ALL, 70.6%±6.6% vs. 66.5%±6.1%, p=0.755; 4-year LFS: MRD re-emergence vs. R/R B-ALL, 67.3%±7.0% vs. 63.8%±6.2%, p=0.704). R/R B-ALL patients bridging to transplantation after CAR-T treatment had a superior OS and LFS compared to those who did not. However, for MRD re-emergent patients, there was no significant difference in OS and LFS, regardless of whether they underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or not. @*Conclusion@#CD19 CAR-T therapy effectively and safely cures both R/R B-ALL and MRD re-emergent patients.

Bibliometric and bioinformatics analysis of genetic literature on susceptibility to noise induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To summarize and analyse of literature on the susceptibility genes of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) , and the key genes were screened and obtained by bioinformatics method, so as to provide reference for the prevention research of NIHL. Methods: In September 2021, Based on CNKI, NCBI Pubmed database and Web of Science database, this paper conducted bibliometric analysis and bioinformatics analysis on the genetic literature related to the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss from 1999 to 2020. Endnote X9 software and the WPS office software were used for bibliometric analysis, and online software STRING and Cytoscape software were used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 131 literatures were included in the study, involving 40 genes in total. Bibliometric analysis shows that 131 papers which included 36 Chinese articles and 95 English articles were published in 63 biomedical journals; the highest number of published articles was 19 in 2020. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that GAPDH、SOD2、SOD1、CAT、CASP3、IL6 and other genes play a key role in the interaction network. The involved pathways mainly include MAP2K and MAPK activations, PTEN regulation, P53-depardent G1 DNA damage response, signaoling by BRAF and RAF fusions and soon. Conclusion: The study of noise induced hearing loss involves multi gene biological information, and bioinformatics analysis is helpful to predict the occurrence and development of noise induced hearing loss.

Emergence Of Dengue Virus Type 4 During COVID-19 Pandemic In Patients Admitted to a Teaching Hospital In Malaysia (Peningkatan virus denggi serotip keempat semasa pandemik COVID-19 pada pesakit yang dimasukkan ke hospital pengajar di Malaysia) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Prior to COVID-19, dengue was an important public health problem in Malaysia. Due to the movement control order imposed by the Malaysian government to curb the COVID-19 transmission, a study predicted that mosquito-borne diseases would increase during lockdown and partial lockdown seasons. Thus, this study aims to determine the current situation of dengue incidence during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). We compared the number of laboratory-confirmed cases in the pre-COVID19 year (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). In addition to that, we characterized the clinical manifestation, dengue serotype and viremia levels of dengue patients that were admitted to the Hospital Cancelor Tuanku Muhriz. We found a significant decrease in the number of laboratory-confirmed cases between COVID-19 pandemic and the pre-covid period (p2020=0.064; p2021<0.001). In this study, we found DENV 4 serotype was the most common serotype in dengue patients admitted to our hospital. There was no significant correlation between DENV serotype/viremia level with clinical manifestation of dengue fever and dengue with warning signs. However, patients infected with DENV4 had the highest viral load compared to patients infected with other serotypes. We also found high viremia levels were significantly associated with the febrile phase.

Analysis of success rate of organoid construction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by first-day suspension method / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the first-day suspension method for improving the success rate of construction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-patient derived organoids (NPC-PDO). Methods: The tumor samples of 14 nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients, i.e.,13 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 43.0±12.0 years old, were collected from the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2022 to July 2022. The tumor samples of 3 patients were digested into single cell suspension and divided into 2 groups, for comparing the efficacy of NPC-PDO construction by the direct inoculation method and the first-day suspension method. The remaining 11 patients were randomized to receive either the direct inoculation method or the first-day suspension method for NPC-PDO construction. The diameter and the number of spheres of NPC-PDO constructed by the two methods were compared by optical microscope; the 3D cell viability detection kit was used to compare the cell viability; the survival rates were compared by trypan blue staining; the success rates of the two construction methods were compared; the number of cases which could be successfully passaged for more than 5 generations and were consistent with the original tissue by pathological examination was counted; and the dynamic changes of cells in suspension overnight were observed by live cell workstation. The independent sample t-test was applied to compare the measurement data of the two groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the classification data. Results: Compared with the direct inoculation, the diameter and the number of spheres of NPC-PDO constructed by the first-day suspension method were increased, with a higher cell activity, and the success rate of construction was obviously improved (80.0% vs 16.7%, χ2=4.41, P<0.05). In the suspension state, some of the cells aggregated and increased their ability to proliferate. Conclusion: The first-day suspension method can improve the success rate of NPC-PDO construction, especially for those whose original tumor sample size is small.

Research progress on the modulation mechanism of electroacupuncture for learning and memory impairment after ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

Electroacupuncture may play a role in treatment of learning and memory impairment after ischemic stroke by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway, nerve growth factor (NGF)/tyrosine kinase-A (TrkA) signaling pathway, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte (Eph)/ephrin signaling pathway. The interactions among these pathways should be further explored in treatment of learning and memory impairment after ischemic stroke.

Diterpenoid constituents in Pseudolarix amabilis and their antitumor activities in vitro / 中国中药杂志

By various chromatographic techniques and extensive spectroscopic methods, 17 abietane diterpenoids were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of the 95% ethanol cold-soak extracts of the seeds of Pseudolarix amabilis, namely pseudoamaol A(1), 12α-hydroxyabietic acid(2), 12-methoxy-7,13-abietadien-18-oic acid(3), 13-hydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-18-oic acid(4), 15-hydroxy-7,13-abietadien-12-on-18-oic acid(5), 8(14)-podocarpen-13-on-18-oic acid(6), holophyllin K(7), metaglyptin B(8), 7α-hydroxydehydroabietinsaure-methylester(9), 7-oxodehydroabietic acid(10), 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietinsaure-methy-lester(11), 15-methoxydidehydroabietic acid(12), 7-oxo-15-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid(13), 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(14), 8,11,13-abietatriene-15,18-diol(15), 8,11,13-abietatriene-15-hydroxy-18-succinic acid(16), and 7β-hydroxydehydroabie-tic acid(17). Compound 1 was a new compound. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antitumor activities(HepG2, SH-SY5Y, K562), and compounds 8 and 17 showed potential cytotoxic activity against K562 cells, with IC_(50) values of 26.77 and 37.35 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.

Mechanism of Berberis atrocarpa anthocyanin against Alzheimer's disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of Berberis atrocarpa Schneid. anthocyanin against Alzheimer's disease(AD) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and in vitro experiments. Databases were used to screen out the potential targets of the active components of B. atrocarpa and the targets related to AD. STRING database and Cytoscape 3.9.0 were adopted to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network and carry out topological analysis of the common targets. Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the target using the DAVID 6.8 database. Molecular docking was conducted to the active components and targets related to the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) pathway. Finally, lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce BV2 cells to establish the model of AD neuroinflammation for in vitro experimental validation. In this study, 426 potential targets of active components of B. atrocarpa and 329 drug-disease common targets were obtained, and 14 key targets were screened out by PPI network. A total of 623 items and 112 items were obtained by GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. Molecular docking results showed that NF-κB, NF-κB inhibitor(IκB), TLR4, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88) had good binding abilities to the active components, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside had the strongest binding ability. Compared with the model group, the concentration of nitric oxide(NO) decreased at different doses of malvidin-3-O-glucoside without affecting the cell survival rate. Meanwhile, malvidin-3-O-glucoside down-regulated the protein expressions of NF-κB, IκB, TLR4, and MyD88. This study uses network pharmacology and experimental verification to preliminarily reveal that B. atrocarpa anthocyanin can inhibit LPS-induced neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB/TLR4 signaling pathway, thereby achieving the effect against AD, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism.

Monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to conduct the qualitative analysis of the monoterpene chemical components from Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Gradient elution was performed on C_(18) HD(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid(A) and acetonitrile(B). The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was 30 ℃. MS analysis was conducted in both positive and negative ionization modes using electrospray ionization(ESI) source. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 was used for data processing. The identification of chemical components was realized by the combination of standard compounds, fragmentation patterns, and mass spectra data reported in the literature. Forty-one monoterpenoids in Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract were identified. Among them, 8 compounds were reported in Paeoniae Radix Rubra for the first time and 1 was presumed to be the new compound 5″-O-methyl-galloylpaeoniflorin or its positional isomer. The method in this study realizes the rapid identification of monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra and provides a material and scientific basis for quality control and further study on the pharmaceutical effect of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.

Evaluation of trans-isthmus conduction time percentile in predicting complete bidirectional conduction block of typical atrial flutter / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive strength using the percentile of trans-isthmus conduction time during ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus(CTI)-independent typical atrial flutter for complete bidirectional conduction block.Methods This study was conducted with data from patients with typical atrial flutter(AF)who underwent ablation between February 2021 and February 2023(35 cases in the Beijing Anzhen Hospital,2 cases in the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province).Atrial flutter was induced during the operation,and linear ablation along the tricuspid valve ring to inferior vena cava was performed by anatomic ablation.The data collected were baseline clinical characteristics,Tachycardia Cycle Length(TCL),local conduction interval under coronary sinus pacing before ablation(P-ABL1),local conduction interval under coronary sinus pacing after ablation(P-ABL2).The percentage of P-ABL2 to TCL after ablation was calculated to evaluate the value of post-ablation local conduction interval percentage in the diagnosis of AF ablation endpoint,and its effectiveness was verified by the post-ablation activation sequence.Results All enrolled patients underwent ablation,and CTI was linearly blocked by parallel activation marker test.The TCL was(310.00±46.32)ms.The P-ABL1 was(92.16±27.65)ms and the P-ABL2 was(173.65±16.35)ms.Results significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.001).The percentage of P-ABL2 to TCL was(0.81±0.12).The percentage is close to 1,which is higher for evaluating the specificity and effectiveness of CTI bidirectional block.Conclusions The ablation endpoint of CTI block can be predicted by using the P-ABL1 before surgery,combined with the percentage of local conduction time after ablation.

Analysis of three minimally invasive methods in the treatment of the fifth metacarpal neck fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effective method of applying Chinese medicine manipulative repositioning Kirschner wire fixation for minimally invasive treatment of fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to November 2021, 90 patients with closed fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone were treated minimally invasively with closed repositioning Kirschner wires, all fractures AO type was type A. All patients were divided into three groups according to the mode of internal fixation involving 30 cases in the crossed Kirschner's wire group, 30 cases in the transverse Kirschner's wire group, 30 patients in the intramedullary Kirschner's wire group. By comparison, gender, age, disease duration, and preoperative neck-stem angle were not significant. The postoperative fifth metacarpal neck-stem angles, postoperative fifth metacarpophalangeal joint flexion mobility and fifth metacarpophalangeal joint extension hyperextension angles were compared among three groups. The overall clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the patient outcomes of surgery-hand/arm(POS-Hand/Arm) scoring system.@*RESULTS@#All patients had 12-month follow-up and achieved bony union without malunion. There was no significant difference in the 5th metacarpal neck-stem angle, the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint flexion angle and the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint extension hyperextension angles among three groups at 12 months after surgery(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in physical activity and symptom scores in POS-Hand/Arm scores at 12 months after surgery(P>0.05), psychological status and aesthetic score among three groups(P<0.05) and between cross and transverse Kirschner wire groups(P>0.05). The three POS-Hand/Arm total scores were statistically different(P<0.05), between the crossed and transverse(P>0.05), and the intramedullary group had the highest POS-Hand/Arm scores.@*CONCLUSION@#All three techniques of Kristener's wire fixation could achieve minimally invasive treatment, and patients have need for cosmetic and early activity, and the author recommend minimally invasive intramedullary fixation with manipulative repositioned Kristen wires as the preferred procedure.

Advances in the Treatment of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenia --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated acquired hemorrhagic autoimmune disease. At present, the first-line therapeutic drugs for ITP include glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins. However, about 1/3 of the patients had no response to the first-line treatment, or relapsed after dose reduction or withdrawal of glucocorticoids. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of the understanding on the pathogenesis of ITP, the drugs targeting different pathogenesis continually emerge, including immunomodulators, demethylating agents, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist. However, most of these drugs are in clinical trials. This review summarized briefly the recent advances in the treatment of glucocorticoids resistance and relapsed ITP, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatments.

Arsenic speciation and valence / 中国中药杂志

As arsenic widely exists in nature and has been used in the pharmaceutical preparations, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with arsenic include realgar(As_2S_2 or As_4S_4), orpiment(As_2S_3), and white arsenic(As_2O_3). Among the above representative medicine, the TCM compound formulas with realgar are utilized extensively. Just in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), there are 37 Chinese patent medicines including realgar. The traditional element analysis focuses on the detection of the total amount of elements, which neglects the study on the speciation and valence of elements. The activity, toxicity, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways of arsenic in vivo are closely related to the existence of its form, and different forms of arsenic have different effects on organisms. Therefore, the study on the speciation and valence of arsenic is of great importance for arsenic-containing TCMs and their compound formulas. This paper reviewed four aspects of the speciation and valence of arsenic, including property, absorption and metabolism, toxicity, and analytical assay.

Microbial transformation of artemisinin and its derivatives / 中国中药杂志

Microbial transformation is an efficient enzymatic approach for the structural modification of exogenous compounds to obtain derivatives. Compared with traditional chemical synthesis, the microbial transformation has in fact the undoubtable advantages of strong region-and stereo-selectivity, and a low environmental and economic impact on the production process, which can achieve the reactions challenging to chemical synthesis. Because microbes are equipped with a broad-spectrum of enzymes and therefore can metabolize various substrates, they are not only a significant route for obtaining novel active derivatives, but also an effective tool for mimicking mammal metabolism in vitro. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene with a peroxy-bridged structure serving as the main active functional group, is a famous antimalarial agent discovered from Artemisia annua L. Some sesquiterpenoids, such as dihydroartemisinin, artemether, and arteether, have been developed on the basis of artemisinin, which have been successfully marketed and become the first-line antimalarial drugs recommended by WHO. As revealed by pharmacological studies, artemisinin and its derivatives have exhibited extensive biological activities, including antimalarial, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. As an efficient approach for structural modification, microbial transformation of artemisinin and its derivatives is an increasingly popular strategy that attracts considerable attention recently, and numerous novel derivatives have been discovered. Herein, this paper reviewed the microbial transformation of artemisinin and its artemisinin, including microbial strains, culture conditions, product isolation and yield, and biological activities, and summarized the advances in microbial transformation in obtaining active derivatives of artemisinin and the simulation of in vivo metabolism of drugs.