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@#AIM: To investigate the differences of the choroidal vascularity index between type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy and non-diabetes patients.<p>METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at Beijing Friendship Hospital. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT)scans of 68 eyes of 68 type 2 diabetes who with diabetic retinopathy were compared with those of right eyes of 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The choroidal images were binarized into luminal areas(LA)and stromal areas(SA). CVI was defined as the ratio of LA to total circumscribed subfoveal choroidal area. Mean choroidal thickness, mean retinal thickness and mean CVI between patients and controls were compared using <i>t</i>-test. <p>RESULTS: There were no significant differences in total circumscribed subfoveal choroidal area(0.53±0.14mm2 <i>vs</i> 0.49±0.15mm2), LA(0.35±0.09mm2 <i>vs</i> 0.32±0.10mm2), SA(0.17±0.05mm2 <i>vs</i> 0.17±0.06mm2), or subfoveal choroidal thickness(347.9±76.9μm <i>vs</i> 325.9±92.9μm)between patients with DR and controls(<i>P</i>>0.05). However, there was a significantly lower CVI in patients with diabetes as compared to controls(64.33%±3.25% <i>vs</i> 67.04%±2.46%, <i>P</i><0.001). The critical value was 63.59%.<p>CONCLUSION: CVI is a kind of biological indicators which can directly reflect the changes of choroidal internal structure, and it is more stable and reliable than SFCT. For type 2 diabetic patients who with diabetic retinopathy, CVI is lower than that of healthy people.
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BACKGROUND@#Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with limited therapeutic options, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Recent findings indicate the role of the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) in the development of PH. However, the effect of the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on the pathogenesis of PH has not been well investigated. This study aimed to determine whether 3-BrPA inhibits PH and its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#PH was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). 3-BrPA, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered via intraperitoneal injection every other day from the first day of MCT-injection to 4 weeks of follow-up, and indices such as right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), pulmonary arteriolar remodeling indicated by percent media thickness (% MT), lactate levels and glucose consumption, were evaluated. Pulmonary arteriolar remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy were observed in hematoxylin-eosin-stained lung sections. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and/or immunofluorescence analyses were used to measure the expression of relevant proteins. A cytochrome C release apoptosis assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining were used to measure cell apoptosis.@*RESULTS@#MCT-induced PH showed a significant increase in glucose consumption (0 vs. 4 weeks: 0.87 ± 0.23 vs. 2.94 ± 0.47, P = 0.0042) and lactate production (0 vs. 4 weeks: 4.19 ± 0.34 vs. 8.06 ± 0.67, P = 0.0004). Treatment with 3-BrPA resulted in a concomitant reduction in glucose consumption (1.10 ± 0.35 vs. 3.25 ± 0.47, P = 0.0063), lactate production (5.09 ± 0.55 vs. 8.06 ± 0.67, P = 0.0065), MCT-induced increase in RVSP (39.70 ± 2.94 vs. 58.85 ± 2.32, P = 0.0004), pulmonary vascular remodeling (% MT, 43.45% ± 1.41% vs. 63.66% ± 1.78%, P < 0.0001), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVHI, 38.57% ± 2.69% vs. 62.61% ± 1.57%, P < 0.0001) when compared with those of the PBS-treated group. 3-BrPA, a hexokinase 2 inhibitor, exerted its beneficial effect on PH by decreasing aerobic glycolysis and was also associated with inhibiting the expression of glucose transporter protein-1, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing inflammation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#3-BrPA might have a potential beneficial effect on the PH treatment.
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Objective:To explore the differences of the relative expression levels of plasma long chain non encoding RNA(lncRNA)MALAT1,LincRNA-p21 and GAS5 in the patients with multiple myeloma(MM)and chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL),and to clarify their significances in the differential diagnosis of MM and CLL. Methods:A total of 60 cases of MM patients(MM group),60 cases of CLL patients(CLL roup)and 60 healthy persons after physical examinations(control group)were selected as the subjects.The plasma levels of lncRNA MALAT,LincRNA-p21 and GAS5 of the subjects in three groups were detected and compared.Results:The relative expression levels of lncRNA MALAT1 and GAS5 in plasma of the patients in MM group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P<0.05);the relative expression level of LincRNA-p21 in plasma of the patients in CLL group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P<0.05).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)(AUC)of plasma LincRNA-p21 in the diagnosis of CLL was 0.850, its 95% confidence interval(CI)was 0.780-0.921. The AUC of plasma lncRNA MALAT1 and GAS5 in the diagnosis of MM were 0.898 and 0.815;their 95% CI were 0.836-0.959 and 0.740-0.890,respectively.The AUC of plasma lncRNA MALAT1,LincRNA-p21 and GAS5 in the differential diagnosis of CLL and MM were 0.878,0.778 and 0.805,and their 95% CI were 0.814 - 0.942,0.691 - 0.865 and 0.727 - 0.882, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of MM is related with the high expressions of lncRNA MALAT1 and GAS5 in plasma and the incidence of CLL is related with the low expression of LincRNA-p21 in plasma. The relative expression levels of the above lncRNA can be used as the auxiliary indexes in the diagnosis of MM and CLL.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical effects of Achillon for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2009 to April 2010, 19 patients with AATR who were treated with Achillon were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 2 females, with an average age of 40.2 years (30 to 58 years). There were 9 cases of sports injury, and 2 case of fall injury. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 0 to 8 days (2.2 days on average). The results of Thompson test and single heel rise test were positive in 19 cases. Clinical data were assessed with the patient satisfaction and the AOFAS hindfoot score during follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 28 months (19.9 months on average). The average operation time was 41 minutes. There were no wound infections, recurrent rupture, or sural nerve complications. At the latest follow-up, 18 patients were totally satisfied with the surgical result, 1 patient feel generally due to mild pain when running. None of the patients were dissatisfied with the final results the latest follow-up. At the latest follow-up, the AOFAS score was 98.42 +/- 3.29 (89 to 100). All the patients regained normal range of motion and were able to resume their previous activities at six months after operation, with a high rate of satisfaction. Average decreased of mid-calf circumference was (0.82 +/- 0.85) cm (ranged from 0 to 3 cm).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment with Achillon is safe, effective for AATR with low incidence of complications and early active rehabilitation can be carried out. It is a good method to treat AATR.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Achilles Tendon , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Acute Disease , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Rupture , Suture Techniques , Tendon Injuries , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To study the changes of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PC-PLD) enzyme activity of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in high glucose and the effect of PLD on cytoskeleton. Methods Rats GMCs were cultured in high glucose(30 mmol/L) for 48 hours. PLD enzyme activity was measured by enzyme coupled colorimetry. PKC activity was measured by substrate phosphorylation, and fluorescence intensity of F-actin was observed by FITC-labeled antibody and laser scan cofocal microscopy (LSCM) . Results In high glucose, PLD and PKC activities were obviously elevated, but fluorescence intensity of F-actin was decreased and its cytoskeletal pattern was disassembly. After treatment with inhibtor of PLD, PKC activity was significantly decreased, and intensity and organization of F-actin were recovered. Conclusion Elevation of PLD activity induced by high glucose may influence the cytoskeleton and contraction of CMC through PKC pathway.
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Objective To elucidate functional alterations of glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) contraction and its relationship with diabetic glomerular hyperfiltration. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into groups of normal control and 2 weeks diabetes induced by STZ. GMC were cultured in the presence of normal glucose (5mM). Meanwhile in comparison GMC obstained from normal rats were cultured in the presence of 30 mM glucose for 48 h in vitro. By using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) , we measured basal calcium concentration, the changes of calcium level in response to vasoconstrictor agonist angiotensin H (Ang I ),and the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor PMAC10 M,24 h)on cytosol calcium of GMCs. Results The creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was increased with age in diabetic rats, reaching a peak at 2 weeks (P