Study on seed quality test and quality standard of Lonicera macranthoides / 中国中药杂志

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB/T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, purity, thousand seed weight, moisture, viability, relative conductivity and germination rate had been studied for seed quality test methods of Lonicera macranthoides. The seed quality from 38 different collection areas was measured to establish quality classification standard by K-means clustering. The results showed that at least 7.5 g seeds should be sampled, and passed 20-mesh sieve for purity analysis.The 500-seed method used to measure thousand seed weight. The moisture was determined by crushed seeds dried in high temperature (130±2) ℃ for 3 h.The viability determined by 25 ℃ 0.1% TTC stained 5h in dark. 1.0 g seeds soaked in 50 ml ultra pure water in 25 ℃ for 12 hours to determine the relative conductivity. The seed by 4 ℃stratification for 80 days were cultured on paper at 15 ℃. Quality of the seeds from different areas was divided into three grades. The primary seed quality classification standard was established.The I grade and II grade were recommend use in production.

Study on influence factors of seed germination and seeding growth of Lonicera macranthoides / 中国中药杂志

In order to improve reproductive efficiency and quality standard, the influence factors of seed germination and seeding growth of Lonicera macranthoides werew studied. The fruit and seed morphological characteristics of L. macranthoides were observed, the seed water absorbing capacity was determined, and different wet sand stratification time, temperature and germination bed treatment were set up. The effects of the parameters on seed germination and seedling growth were analysed. There was no obstacles of water absorption on L. macranthoides seed, quantity for 22 h water absorption was close to saturation. In the first 80 d, with the increase of the stratification time, seed initial germination time was shortened, germination rate and germination potential was improved. Stratification for 100 d, germination rate decreased. At 15 ℃, seed germination and seedling growth indicators were the best. The seedling cotyledon width in light was significantly higher than that in dark. Seeds on the top of paper and top of sand germination rate, germination potential, and germination index was significantly higher than that of other germination bed and mildew rate is low. The optimal conditions of seeds germination test was stratified in 4 ℃ wet sand for 80 d, 15 ℃ illuminate culture on the top of paper or top of sand. The first seeding counting time was the 4th day after beginning the test, the final time was the 23th day. The germination potential statistical time was the 13th day after beginning the test.

Prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) are significant events which are associated with worsened quality of life and more rapid decline in lung function.And they also can increase mortality and health care costs.Pharmacologic interventions can alter the frequency of AECOPDs and COPD-related hospitalizations, mainly by focusing on three ways: antiinfective agents, antiinflammatory agents and antioxidants which also become the chief clue to the current researches for new drugs and therapies.The combination therapy of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists is the most widely recommended strategy for acute exacerbation prevention.But the inhaled corticosteroids possibly increase the risk for pneumonia.Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of benefit in patient subpopulations, and to compare between efficacy of combination therapy and side-effect with inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, or their combination in different patient phenotypes.We must have a better understanding of the heterogeneity implicit for COPD and the types of COPD exacerbations, and individualized treatments need to be investigated.

Clinical evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To screen the clinical factors affecting the malignant probability of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and to establish a clinical prediction model,evaluate its test effectiveness in the differential diagnosis in SPN.Methods A retrospective cohort study included 182 patients with diagnosis of SPN (group A).Clinical data included gender,age,smoking history,quitting smoking,history of tumor,serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),location,diameter,density,vacuole sign,cavity,airbronchogram,calcifcation,lobulation,spiculate sign,spiculation,pleural indentation sign,vascular convergence sign,enhanced CT value,the maximum standard uptake value (SUV~x) of positron-emission tomography (PET),pathological diagnosis were collected.The independent predictors of malignancy were estimated with univariate and multivariate analysis,then the clinical prediction model to identify malignant was established.Other 45 SPN patients (group B) were used to tested value of the model.Results Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,no lower lobe location,diameter,density,airbronchogram,calcification,lobulation,spiculation,pleural indentation sign,enhanced CT value ≥ 15 HU,SUVm,≥ 2.5 of PET significantly affected judgment of SPN of benign or maligant (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that female,age,lobulation,short spiculation,pleural indentation sign was the independent predictors of malignancy in patient with SPN,solid nodule suggested benign.The clinical prediction model to identify malignant was established:P =ex/ (1 + ex),x =-3.399 +1.382 × gender + 0.056 × age + 1.377 × lobulation + 1.498 × spiculation-2.096 × solid + 1.005 × pleural indentation sign,e was natural logarithm.P =0.663 was as cut-off point,group B was used to test value of the model:the sensitivity was 86.5％,the specificity was 62.5％,the positive predictive value was 91.4％,the negative predictive value was 50.0％,the accuracy was 82.2％.Conclusions As for SPN,female,age,lobulation,short spiculation and pleural indentation sign is the independent predictor of malignancy in patient with SPN,solid nodule suggests benign.The prediction model is sufficient to estimate the malignancy of patient with SPN.

A five-year follow-up of one hundred and thirty-six patients of hepatitis C / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical outcome and effect of interferon treatment on patients with chronic hepatitis C.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>136 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis C were followed up by methods of retrospective survey combined with prospective study. SPSS16. 0 was used to perform chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>136 cases of patients were infected with HCV virus mainly through blood and blood products transfusion. They were diagnosed mainly between 2000 and 2005. 98 cases of them had anti-viral treatment with interferon and ribavirin, while the rest did not; 12 new cases developed HCV-related cirrhosis or liver carcinoma in five years, which accounted for 8.8% of the total. Among 76 cases once treated with interferon, 46 cases (60.5%) relapsed in five years. For patients with age < 40, the rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were 0, and patients with age ≥ 40 but < 60 years, the rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were 12.5% (7/56 cases), while for those ≥ 60 years old the rates were 35.7% (10/28 cases). The difference was significant ( B = 0.111, Wald = 4.324, P = 0.038) as analysed by logistic regression. The rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were zero for those with normal or within twice the upper normal AST limit in five years, 43.5% (10/23 cases) for those with AST ranging from 2 to 4 fold the upper normal limit, and 58.3% (7/12 cases) for those with AST higher than four times the upper normal limit. The difference was also significant ( B = 2.184, Wald = 5.443, P = 0.02) by logistic regression analysis. The rate of relapse was 29.7% (11/37 cases) for those using pegylated interferon and 89.7% (35/39 cases) for those using interferon. The difference was significant ( Result of logistic regression showed-B = -2.077, Wald = 4.352, P = 0.037). The rate of relapse was 100% (15/15 cases) for those with treatment less than 24 weeks, 76.2% (16/21 cases) for those with treatment more than 24 weeks but less than 48 weeks, and 37.5% (14/40 cases) for those with treatment more than 48 weeks. The difference was significant (Result of logistic regression showed-B = -1.632, Wald = 6.651, P = 0.01). 42 cases of the relapsed (91.3%) were administrated with interferon once again with ideal effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hepatitis C virus infection increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Interferon combined with ribavirin therapy could effectively control the virus and improve outcomes. We can reduce the incidence of relapse by choosing the treatment of pegylated interferon instead of interferon and by completing the full treatment.</p>

STUDY ON SIX YEARS NUTRITION INTERVENTION IN A BOARDING PRIMARY SCHOOL / 营养学报

Objective: For cultivation of reasonable nutrition and eating habits in the new generation of singleton children in China, this nutrition intervention study was taken in a boarding primary school for 10 years to observe the outcome of their growth and development, and to find the possibility of the reasonable diet mode suitable for them. Method: This study started from 1993, and the whole diet and foods of the primary school children were designed and measured all the time when they were in school. This report was taken from 161 primary school pupils aged from 7 to 12, mostly being singleton in their family, as a sample through whole six years from Class one to six when they graduated from the school. Their growth and general health situation including body height and weight, and hemoglobin were measured and evaluated every year. Results and Conclusion: The outcome seemed positive. It suggested that the “Chinese Food Guideline” was acceptable and suitable for southern Chinese children, and the results were discussed.