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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of senile neurodegenerative disease. Dopaminergic drugs and anticholinergic drugs are the two major therapeutic drugs for PD. In the past several decades, great progress has been achieved on dopamines (DAs) and their synergists including monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol oxygen methyl transferase inhibitors, ergot and nonergot DA receptor agonists, DA precursor drugs, cannabis and isatin. Isatin is the inhibitor of endogenous specific anti-aging enzyme MAO-B, which has a variety of pharmacological activities. Moreover, the pharmacological mechanism of isatin may be associated with the regulatory functions of various protein activities.
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Objective: To examine the outcomes of Slide tracheoplasty for the children with severe congenital tracheal stenosis received previous repeated balloon dilatation or metal stent placement under endoscopy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 9 children with congenital tracheal stenosis undergoing previous interventional therapy under tracheoscopy and later received Slide tracheoplasty due to obvious respiratory symptoms at Department of Cardiac Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University between February 2017 and July 2021. There were 7 males and 2 females with a median age at operation of 72.4 months (range: 13.3 to 98.9 months), and the median weight was 19.0 kg (range: 9.0 to 33.0 kg). Among the 9 patients, 2 patients began to receive repeated balloon dilatation (more than 3 times) 17.8 and 51.8 months ago respectively. One patient received metal stents placement into the trachea for 4 days and the other 6 children for median 56.8 months (range: 21.6 to 74.2 months). Complete tracheal cartilage rings and long segmental stenosis were present. in all 9 children. Operative details and outcome measures, including the need for endoscopic airway intervention and mortality, were collected. Results: Slide tracheoplasty was performed in all cases. Two patients with repeated balloon dilatation had different thickness of tracheal wall, local scar hyperplasia and irregular lumen. Among them, 1 case had obvious local calcification of tracheal wall, which was difficult to suture. The metal stent in one patient with short time of placement was completely removed. However, only part of the metal stents could be removed due to the long placement time in the other 6 cases. There was no operative death in the 9 children. The median postoperative tracheal intubation time was 25.3 hours (range: 17.4 to 74.5 hours). A silicone stent was placed in the trachea of 1 child due to obvious respiratory symptoms. Follow-up of median 11 months (range: 1 to 23 months) showed that no death occurred after discharge and all children had basically normal activity tolerance with no obvious respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: Slide tracheoplasty is feasible for children undergoing prior balloon dilatation or metal stents placement. Previously repeated balloon dilatation or metal stent placement under endoscopy increased the difficulty of slide tracheoplasty, the metal stent could not be completely removed after a long time.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Constriction, Pathologic , Dilatation , Endoscopy , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Stents , Trachea/surgery , Tracheal Stenosis/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Shanghai is one of the cities with the highest economic level in China. Environmental health in Shanghai has always been a national pilot and at the forefront of the country. After 70 years of development, Shanghai has established a public health monitoring network for major environmental health issues. The main line of research work has turned to be on health risk assessment, exposure-health effect, and the relationship between environment and population health. This article reviews the achievements and problems of in various aspects of environmental health in the past 70 years, including drinking water, the atmosphere, public places, rural environments, emergency handling and featured researches. It provides reference for the development of environmental health in the future.
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Dioxin, a persistent organic pollutant, is also a typical environmental endocrine disruptor.With its strong toxicity, it can persist in the environment and be enriched through the food chain.Therefore, it has attracted wide attention in recent years.In this paper, the pollution status of dioxins in the atmosphere is summarized, the risk of respiratory exposure to dioxins is introduced, the possible health effects of human exposure to dioxins are summarized, and suggestions for future control are put forward.In cities and functional areas with high dioxin concentration, long-term inhalation of pollutants has potential risks for people′s health and life span.It is suggested to carry out orderly classification of waste, track and monitor the health status of residents around the waste incinerator, and to establish relevant emission standards and limits, so as to gradually standardize and make the dioxin emission harmless.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the associations between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations and serum tumor markers in advanced lung adenocarcinomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We investigated the association between EGFR gene mutations and clinical features, including serum tumor marker levels, in 97 advanced lung adenocarcinomas patients who did not undergo the treatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. EGFR gene mutation was detected by real-time PCR at exons 18, 19, 20, and 21. Serum tumor marker concentrations were analyzed by chemiluminescence assay kit at the same time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EGFR gene mutations were detected in 42 (43%) advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Gender (P=0.003), smoking status (P=0.001), and abnormal serum status of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, P=0.028) were significantly associated with EGFR gene mutation incidence. Multivariate analysis showed the abnormal CEA level in serum was independently associated with the incidence of EGFR gene mutation (P=0.046) with an odds ratio of 2.613 (95% CI: 1.018-6.710). However, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed CEA was not an ideal predictive marker for EGFR gene mutation status in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (the area under the ROC curve was 0.608, P=0.069).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EGFR gene mutation status is significantly associated with serum CEA status in advanced lung adenocarcinmoas. However, serum CEA is not an ideal predictor for EGFR mutation.</p>