Factors influencing the bone mineral density in preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the bone mineral development and the factors influencing the development in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety preterm and 90 term infants followed up by the child health care service were randomly enrolled. Tibia quantitative ultrasound measurements were used to evaluate bone mineral density described as supersonic speed of sound (SOS) and Z scores at 6 months old (corrected gestational age for preterm infants). The factors influencing bone mineral development were investigated by questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SOS values and Z scores in term infants were significantly higher than those in preterm infants at 6 months old. In the preterm group, the SOS values and Z scores were significantly different in infants with different birth weights or gestational ages (P<0.05). The SOS values in preterm infants with different weaning time were significantly different. The Z scores in female preterm infants were significantly higher than that in males (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that weaning time and daily time of outdoor activities were independent factors influencing SOS values in preterm infants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is helpful to promote bone mineral development by an appropriate weaning time or increasing the time of outdoor activities in preterm infants.</p>

Meta analysis of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for the primary prevention of infantile eczema / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether lactic acid bacteria as probiotics is efficacious in the primary prevention of infantile eczema or atopic eczema.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For this meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) describing the efficacy of probiotics in infants with eczema or atopic eczema at ages of ≤2 years, a comprehensive search in the databases was performed up to January 2010. Three reviewers independently evaluated the studies for methodological qualities. RevMan 5.0.2 software was used for meta analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve RCTs on the preventive effects of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics on infantile eczema were included, and 7 of the 12 RCTs reported the preventive effect of lactic acid bacteria on atopic eczema. The meta analysis showed that there was an overall significant reduction in infantile eczema and atopic eczema favoring lactic acid bacteria compared with placebo. The relative risk (RR) ratios for eczema and atopic eczema were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70-0.90; P<0.01) and 0.78 (95%CI: 0.64-0.97; P<0.01), respectively. Lactic acid bacteria combined with other probiotics decreased significantly the incidence of eczema, with a RR ratio of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.68-0.93; P<0.01). The use of lactic acid bacteria alone did not result in a reduction in the incidence of eczema, with a RR ratio of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.69-1.05; P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The data from this meta analysis suggest that lactic acid probiotics combined with other probiotics play a role in the prevention of infantile eczema. There is insufficient evidence to recommend single use of lactic acid bacteria for prevention of eczema. Further studies are required to determine whether the findings are reproducible.</p>

Relationship between Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression and catch-up growth in rats with intrauterine growth restriction / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) expression and the catch-up growth in rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model of IUGR was established by food restriction during pregnancy. The small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) rat pups from the pregnant rats were used as the experimental group. The AGA rat pups from the pregnant rats without food restriction served as the control group. The samples from the stomach fundus and hypothalamus were taken postnatal days 0, 20 and 40. Ghrelin mRNA and GHSR mRNA expression were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (real-time FQ-PCR). Ghrelin protein and GHSR protein expression were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At postnatal day 0, both Gherlin mRNA and protein levels in the stomach fundus were significantly higher, while GHSR mRNA expression in the hypothalamus were significantly lower in SGA rats from food restriction group than those in AGA rats from restriction and control groups. At postnatal day 20, the ghrelin protein expression in the stomach of fundus, and GHSR mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus in SGA catch-up rats were significantly higher than those in SGA non-catch-up growth rats and AGA rats from the control group. At postnatal day 40, there were no significant differences among SGA catch-up growth rats, SGA non-catch-up growth rats and normal AGA rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ghrelin-GHSR might be involved in the physiological regulation and pathological process in IUGR rats. It is also possibly involved in the regulation of catch-up growth in the early life of SGA rats.</p>

Intrauterine Growth Retardation Models Caused by Maternal Food Restriction and Its Effect on Important Organs / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To compare the effects of different maternal rats food restriction on newborn rats.Methods Pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:3 model groups and control group.The model groups were given middling food restriction throughout pregnancy,severe food restriction from pregnant day 14,severe food restriction from pregnant day 7,respectively.Effects of maternal rats food restriction on newborn rats in growth,main organs weight,and small for gestational age(SGA) occurrence were compared.And his-(tiocyte) morphology of cerebra and stomach were observed.Results The weight,height,trail length,and weight of cerebra,heart,lung,(liver),stomach,spleen,and kidney of newborn rats in model groups were significantly different from those in control group(all P

Changes of Serum Ferritin and Blood Lead Levels in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05).Conclusion Low iron stores contribute to ADHD.SF level must be evaluated and retrieved in subjects with ADHD,particularly in the subgroup of ADHD-I.