ABSTRACT
The present study explored the kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during the hot-air drying process to obtain the optimal process parameters under multiple goals such as drying efficiency and drying quality. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate curves along with the change of drying time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were investigated at five levels of drying air temperatures(30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ℃). The relationship between moisture ratio and time in the drying process of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma was fitted and verified by Midilli model, Page model, Overhults model, Modified Page model, Logaritmic model, Two terms Exponential model, and Newton model. Meanwhile, the effective diffusion coefficient of moisture(D_(eff)) and activation energy(E_a) in Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were calculated under different drying air temperatures. GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components and content changes of the fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were closely related to the temperature of the drying medium, and the moisture of the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma decreased with the prolonged drying time. As revealed by the drying rate curve, the drying rate increased with the increase in hot air temperature, and the migration of moisture was accelerated. The comparison of the correlation coefficient(R~2), chi-square(χ~2), and root mean standard error(RMSE) of each model indicated that the parameter average of the Midilli model had the highest degree of fit, with R~2=0.999 2, χ~2=8.78×10~(-5), and RMSE=8.20×10~(-3). Besides, the D_(eff) at 30-70 ℃ was in the range of 1.04×10~(-9)-6.28×10~(-9) m~2·s~(-1), and E_a was 37.47 kJ·mol~(-1). The volatile components of fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures were determined by GC-MS, and 18, 18, 18, 17, 17, and 18 compounds were identified respectively, which accounted for more than 84.76% of the volatile components. In conclusion, the hot-air drying of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma can be model-fitted and verified and the variation law of the moisture and volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with temperature is obtained. This study is expected to provide new ideas for exploring the drying characteristics and quality of aromatic Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
Atractylodes , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hot Temperature , Kinetics , RhizomeABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate transport mechanism of cyperotundone in Caco-2 cell model and provide experimental basis for clinical application of Cyperi Rhizoma. Method: The toxicity of cyperotundone with different concentrations to Caco-2 cells was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry, in order to determine the concentration of administration in transport test. The content of cyperotundone was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and cumulative transport capacity as indexes. The chromatographic conditions were as following:mobile phase of acetonitrile (A)-water (B) for gradient elution (0-1.5 min, 35%A; 1.5-2 min, 35%-90%A; 2-4 min, 90%A; 4-4.1, 90%-35%A; 4.1-8 min, 35%A), the flow rate at 0.3 mL · min-1, injection volume of 1 μL, and temperature of column at 30℃. The mass spectrometric conditions was electrospray ionization (ESI) and positive ion mode, the detection ions of cyperotundone and osthole (internal standard substance) were m/z 219.2-110.9 and m/z 245.0-189.0, respectively. Effect of concentration of cyperotundone, administration time, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on the transmembrane transport of cyperotundone on in vitro cell model were investigated. Result: Cyperotundone didn't have significant toxicity to Caco-2 cells at 3-90 mg · L-1 after incubation for 4 h. The transportion of cyperotundone in Caco-2 cell model was related to the concentration and time to a certain extent, its Papp was higher than 1×10-6 cm · s-1, which indicated that absorption of cyperotundone was good, the efflux rate (ER) of cyperotundone was 0.5-1.5.There was no significant difference in bidirectional Papp of cyperotundone after the addition of cell bypass transport inhibitor (EDTA) and P-gp transport inhibitor (verapamil). Conclusion: The transport mechanism of cyperotundone in Caco-2 cell model is mainly passive diffusion, and cell bypass transport and P-gp are not involved in its transport.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of Shenfu injection on the hemodynamic indexes of myocardial ischemic dogs and blood pressure of dogs and rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Myocardial ischemic model was made and hypotension in the dogs was induced with ligating left front descending limb coronary artery method, and secondary hypertension by narrowing nephridium artery of rats, Shenfu injection was administered with 5, 10 mL.kg-1 to the above dogs and rats separately to investigate the influence of it on the hemodynamic indexes of myocardial ischemic dogs and blood pressure of rats.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>Shenfu injection enhanced the capacity of myocardial work markedly; it augmented the myocardium contractility and cardiac output without raising the oxygen consume, and at the same time it returned normal the blood pressure in myocardial ischemic; but it had no effects on the normal blood pressure and secondary hypertension of rats.</p>