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Objective To investigate the effects of preconditioning with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on the second liver injury in rats with traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock (TBIS) and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Total of 36 male Wistar rats were assigned randomly (random number) into 3 groups (n =12 in each):sham operation group (C),TBIS model group and PUFA pretreatment group.The arterial blood samples were taken for determination of serum levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α.The liver were removed for determination of levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH),and microscopic examination.Results Compared with group C,the serum levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α and the liver levels of MDA were significantly higher (P ＜0.01),but the liver levels of SOD and GSH in group TBIS and group PUFA were significantly lower (P ＜0.01).The serum levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α and the liver levels of MDA were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05),but the levels of SOD and GSH in liver tissues were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01or P ＜ 0.05) in group PUFA than those in group TBIS.Histological examination revealed the injury of liver in TBIS group,and the rats in PUFA treated group showed alleviated severity of liver injury.Conclusions The supplementation of ω-3 PUFA can ameliorate acute liver injury in rats with TBIS,which may contribute to inhibition of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines expression.
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Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on systemic inflammatory response and intestinal mucosa barrier in rats with traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock (TBIS).Methods A total of 36 male Wistar rats were equally randomized into 3 groups:sham operation group,TBIS model group,and ω-3 PUFA pretreatment group.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),8-iso-prostaglandin F2 a (8-iso-PGF2 a),interleukin (IL)-1 β,and IL-10 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).HE staining was performed for morphological assessment of the intestinal tissue and evaluation of the intestinal mucosa damage index (IMDI).The marked bacilli of the mesenteric lymph nodes,lung,liver,spleen,and kidney tissue were counted under a fluorescent microscope.Results Compared with those in the sham group [ (38.15 ± 6.37) ng/ml,(84.91 ± 17.22) pg/ml,(2.52 ± 0.83 ) μg/L,(2.86 ± 0.82) μg/L,0.36 ±0.14,and 8.33％ ],the serum levels of TNF-α [ (328.11 ±20.09) and (244.37 ±21.82) ng/rrl],8-iso-PGF2a [ (263.47±55.19) and (176.35±41.63) pg/ml],IL-1β [ (27.06±2.61) and (18.91 ±1.78) μg/L],IL-10 [ (7.63 ± 1.29) and (9.52 ± 4.66) μg/L],the IMDI (4.18 ±0.39 and 3.31 ±0.40),and the positive rates of bacterial translocation (56.67％ and 35.00％ ) were significantly higher in both the TBIS model group and ω-3 PUFA group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with TBIS model group,the levels of TNF-α,8-iso-PGF2 a,and IL-1 β,the IMDI,and the positive rate of bacterial translocation were significantly lower ( all P ＜ 0.05 ) and the levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the ω-3 PUFA group (P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion The supplementation of ω-3 PUFA can remarkably inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa in rat with TBIS.
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Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on inflammatory response of intestine and bacteria translocation in rats with traumatic shock (TS) in order to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 36 male Wistar rats provided by Academy of Military Medical Sciences Animal Center were assigned randomly (random number) into 3 groups (n =12 in each group):sham operation group,TS model group and PUFA pretreatment group.Rat models of IS were established by comminuted fracture of femur and depletion of blood,and 2 mg/kg ω-3 PUFA or normal saline were injected 12 hours and 2 hours before modeling.Blood specimens were collected and intestinal tissue samples were obtained 120 min after modeling.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-o (TNF-α),IL-1β,IL-10 and 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α (8-iso-PGF2α) were measured with ELISA.Light microscopic examination was carried out for histopathological assessment of the intestina tissue and the intestinal mucosa damage index ( IMDI ) was calculated.The number of marked bacilli found in mesenteric lymph nodes,lung,liver,spleen,and kidney tissues were counted under a fluorescent microscope.The percentages for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables were expressed. Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for comparisons among groups,and statistical significance defined as P ＜ 0.05.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10 and 8-iso-PGF2α,the IMDI and the positive rates of bacteria translocation in TS model group were [ (325.14 ±21.17) ng/ml,(26.93 +2.58) μg/L,(7.59 ± 1.26) μg/L,(259.73 +61.32) pg/ml,(4.15 +0.37) and 58.33％,respectively] and those in PUFA group were [ (251.47 + 19.16) ng/ml,(17.81±1.94) μg/L,(9.44±1.85) μg/L,(171.44±39.25) pg/ml,(3.28±0.43) and 36.67％,respectively ].And those biomarkers in both TS group and PUFA group were higher obviously than those in sham group [ (37.02 ±5.54) ng/ml,(2.49 ±0.67) μg/L,(2.93 ±0.74) μg/L,(81.26 ± 15.18) pg/ml,(0.33 ±0.12) and 6.67％,respectively,P＜0.01].Compared with TS model group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and 8-iso-PGF2α,the IMDI and the positive rates of bacteria translocation were lower,and the levels of IL-10 were higher in PUFA group ( P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The supplementation of ω-3 PUFA lessens the injury of intestina mucosa after traumatic shock,and it may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory response by intestine and bacteria translocation.was carried out for histopathological assessment of the intestina tissue and the intestinal mucosa damage index ( IMDI ) was calculated.The number of marked bacilli found in mesenteric lymph nodes,lung,liver,spleen,and kidney tissues were counted under a fluorescent microscope.The percentages for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables were expressed. Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for comparisons among groups,and statistical significance defined as P ＜ 0.05.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10 and 8-iso-PGF2α,the IMDI and the positive rates of bacteria translocation in TS model group were [ (325.14 ±21.17) ng/ml,(26.93 +2.58) μg/L,(7.59 ± 1.26) μg/L,(259.73 +61.32) pg/ml,(4.15 +0.37) and 58.33％,respectively] and those in PUFA group were [ (251.47 + 19.16) ng/ml,(17.81±1.94) μg/L,(9.44±1.85) μg/L,(171.44±39.25) pg/ml,(3.28±0.43) and 36.67％,respectively ].And those biomarkers in both TS group and PUFA group were higher obviously than those in sham group [ (37.02 ±5.54) ng/ml,(2.49 ±0.67) μg/L,(2.93 ±0.74) μg/L,(81.26 ± 15.18) pg/ml,(0.33 ±0.12) and 6.67％,respectively,P＜0.01].Compared with TS model group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and 8-iso-PGF2α,the IMDI and the positive rates of bacteria translocation were lower,and the levels of IL-10 were higher in PUFA group ( P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The supplementation of ω-3 PUFA lessens the injury of intestina mucosa after traumatic shock,and it may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory response by intestine and bacteria translocation.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) preconditioning on liver injury in a rat model of traumatic shock.MethodsForty-eight male Wistar rats aged 3 months weighing 240-260 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =12 each): sham operation group (group S) ; group S + ω-3 PUFA; traumatic shock group (group TS) and group TS + ω-3 PUFA.In groups S + ω-3 PUFA and group TS + ω-3 PUFA,ω-3 PUFA 2 ml/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 12 and 2 h before induction of traumatic shock.In groups S and TS,normal saline was given instead of ω-3 PUFA.Traumatic shock was induced by fracture of femur and hemorrhage in groups TS and TS + ω-3 PUFA.The arterial blood samples were taken at 2 h after induction of traumatic shock for determination of serum activities of ALT,AST and concentrations of 8-iso-prostagiandin F2,(8-iso-PGF2α) and TNF-α.The liver was removed for determination of levels of SOD and MDA,glutathione (GSH)and microscopic examination.ResultsCompared with group S,the serum ALT,AST,8-iso-PGF2α and TNF-α levels and MDA content in the liver tissues and score of liver injury were significantly increased,but the liver tissues levels of SOD,GSH were decreased in groups TS and TS + ω-3 PUFA( P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group TS,the serum ALT,AST,8-iso-PGF2α and TNF-α levels and MDA content in the liver tissues and score of liver injury were significantly decreased,but SOD activity and GSH content in the liver tissues were increased in group TS + ω-3 PUFA( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Conclusionω-3 PUFA preconditioning can reduced liver injury in a rat model of traumatic shock through inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammatory reaction.
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Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on acute lung injury (ALI) in a rat model of traumatic shock. Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats aged 3 months were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 12 each): control group (group C) ; traumatic shock group (group TS) and ω-3 PUFA + TS group (group to-3 PUFA) . Traumatic shock was induced by fracture of femur and hemorrhage according to the method described by Feeney in groups TS and ω-3 PUFA. In group ω-3 PUFA, ω-3 PUFA 2 ml/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 12 and 2 h before induction of traumatic shock. Arterial blood samples were taken at 120 min after traumatic shock was successfully induced for determination of serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and 8-iso-PGF2α by ELISA. The animals were then sacrificed and lungs were removed for-determination of W/D lung weight ratio and microscopic examination. Results Traumatic shock significantly increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and 8-iso-PGF2α, W/D ratio and pathologic scores of lung tissues in groups TS and ω-3 PUFA as compared with group C.ω-3 PUFA significantly attenuated traumatic shuck-induced increase in serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and 8-iso-PGF2α , W/D ratio and pathologic scores of lung tissues but further increased the serum IL-10 concentration in group ω-3 PUFA as compared with group TS. Conclusion ω-3 PUFA can significantly inhibit the svstemic inflammatory response and ameliorate traumatic shock-induced ALI.
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Objective To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on expression of phosphatase PHLPP1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods Rabbit aortic VSMCs were cultured.VSMCs proliferation ability was determined by measuring cell number and mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MD) activity with MTT assay.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of phosphatase PHLPP 1.Results IGF-1 (100μg/L) increased cell number and MD activity to 3.02 and 3.59 times of that in control group.oxLDL(50μg/ ml) elevated the above two parameters to 2.03 and 2.91 times respectively.Western blot showed that IGF-1 and oxLDL inhibited the expression of PHLPP 1 to 39.27% and 40.26% of the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion IGF-1 and oxLDL may enhance the proliferation of VSMCs by decreasing the expression of phosphatase PHLPP1 .
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Objective To analyze the differential gene expression profiling of liver in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock(HS) and sham hemorrhage shock(SHAM) by gene chip technology, thus to evaluate the possible molecular pathogenesis of HS. Method 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a SHAM group and a HS group, with 10 rats in each group. Hepatic gene expression profiles were detected by oligonucleotide microarrays of 5705 mouse genes in two groups for three times. Genes with ratio(R) > 2 were identified as up-regulated and R < 0.5 were identified as down-regulated. Biological function of differentially expressed genes was analyzed and 9 genes were selected to undergo semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results Among the total 5705 probes detected,86 genes showed differential expression in HS group comparison with SHAM group. The expression levels of 72 genes were up-regulated while those of 14 genes were down-regulated significantly. Differentially expressed genes were classified according to their biological function: transport genes, transcription regulator genes, signaling genes, response to stress genes, metabolic genes, development genes and cell adhesion genes. Conclusions cDNA microarray is an efficient and high-throughout method to survey gene expression profiles in HS.The variation of those gene expressions might be a potential pathogenic mechanism for HS that may offer a novel target for further study of therapeutic strategies of HS.
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Objective To study on the measurement of glycyl-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (GPDA) in urine and its clinical application. Methods GPDA in urine was measured by continuously monitoring method using substrate. The assay conditions and interference factors were investigated. GPDA activities in urine specimens from 334 healthy persons, 55 diabetes mellitus patients and 36 hypertension patients were measured. The differences between the kidney injured and non-kidney injured groups were analyzed. Results The linearity of the method was up to 350 U/L. The intra CV and inter CV were 1.27% and 1.33% respectively. The GPDA activity in urine specimen was stable for 7 days at 4℃. There was no interference of bilirubin, glucose, vitamins, dimethylbiguanide and gliben-clamide. No significant interference was found by hemoglobin less than 500 mg/L. GPDA level in urine specimens of 334 healthy persons were (12.9?4.2) U/g?Cr. The GPDA levels of diabetes mellitus and hypertension groups combined with kidney injured were obviously higher than that of the control group and the non-kidney injured group ( P