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Photoplethysmography (PPG) is often affected by interference, which could lead to incorrect judgment of physiological information. Therefore, performing a quality assessment before extracting physiological information is crucial. This paper proposed a new PPG signal quality assessment by fusing multi-class features with multi-scale series information to address the problems of traditional machine learning methods with low accuracy and deep learning methods requiring a large number of samples for training. The multi-class features were extracted to reduce the dependence on the number of samples, and the multi-scale series information was extracted by a multi-scale convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory to improve the accuracy. The proposed method obtained the highest accuracy of 94.21%. It showed the best performance in all sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score metrics, compared with 6 quality assessment methods on 14 700 samples from 7 experiments. This paper provides a new method for quality assessment in small samples of PPG signals and quality information mining, which is expected to be used for accurate extraction and monitoring of clinical and daily PPG physiological information.
Subject(s)
Photoplethysmography , Machine Learning , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of a modified puncture cannula on prevention of bone cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).Methods From January 2014 to February 2018,243 patients with single-segmental osteoporotic vertebral fracture were treated with PVP at Department of Orthopedics,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Of them,a common puncture cannula was used in 169 cases (control group) and a modified puncture cannula in 74 (modified group).In the control group,there were 41 men and 128 women with an age of 71.6 ± 9.5 years,and the fracture was distributed from T5 to T10 in 7 cases,from T11 to L2 in 132 and from L3 to L5 in 30.In the modified group,there were 20 men and 54 women with an age of 73.6 ± 9.3 years,and the fracture was distributed from T5 to T10 in 3 cases,from T11 to L2 in 63 and from L3 to L5 in 8.The 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative recovery of vertebral height,reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) and bone cement leakage.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in age,gender,distribution of fractured vertebral bodies,compression degree,condition of vertebral posterior wall,or bone cement volume injected (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences either between the control and modified groups in the postoperative recovery of vertebral height (7.43％ ± 7.82％ versus 6.20％ ±7.84％) or reduction in VAS score (5.83 ± 0.99 versus 5.81 ± 0.89) (P ＞ 0.05).Bone cement leakage occurred in 93 cases (55.0％) in the control group but in 26 cases (35.1％) in the modified group,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of bone cement leakage in the paravertebral vessels [13.5％(10/74)],paravertebral soft tissue [9.5％ (7/74)] and spinal canal [4.1％ (3/74)] in the modified group were all significantly lower than those in the control group [25.4％ (43/169),20.1％ (34/169) and 15.4％ (26/169)] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Application of the modified end-to-side puncture cannula is an optional scheme to prevent bone cement leakage in PVP,because it can reduce the incidence of bone cement leakage without compromising postoperative short-term outcomes,especially in the spinal canal,paraspinal vessels and paraspinal soft tissue.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of a modified puncture cannula on prevention of bone cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).@*Methods@#From January 2014 to February 2018, 243 patients with single-segmental osteoporotic vertebral fracture were treated with PVP at Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, a common puncture cannula was used in 169 cases (control group) and a modified puncture cannula in 74 (modified group). In the control group, there were 41 men and 128 women with an age of 71.6±9.5 years, and the fracture was distributed from T5 to T10 in 7 cases, from T11 to L2 in 132 and from L3 to L5 in 30. In the modified group, there were 20 men and 54 women with an age of 73.6±9.3 years, and the fracture was distributed from T5 to T10 in 3 cases, from T11 to L2 in 63 and from L3 to L5 in 8. The 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative recovery of vertebral height, reduction in visual analogue scale(VAS) and bone cement leakage.@*Results@#There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in age, gender, distribution of fractured vertebral bodies, compression degree, condition of vertebral posterior wall, or bone cement volume injected (P>0.05). There were no significant differences either between the control and modified groups in the postoperative recovery of vertebral height (7.43%±7.82% versus 6.20%±7.84%) or reduction in VAS score (5.83±0.99 versus 5.81±0.89) (P>0.05). Bone cement leakage occurred in 93 cases (55.0%) in the control group but in 26 cases (35.1%) in the modified group, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). The incidences of bone cement leakage in the paravertebral vessels [13.5% (10/74)], paravertebral soft tissue [9.5%(7/74)] and spinal canal [4.1%(3/74)] in the modified group were all significantly lower than those in the control group [25.4%(43/169), 20.1%(34/169) and 15.4%(26/169)](P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Application of the modified end-to-side puncture cannula is an optional scheme to prevent bone cement leakage in PVP, because it can reduce the incidence of bone cement leakage without compromising postoperative short-term outcomes, especially in the spinal canal, paraspinal vessels and paraspinal soft tissue.
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AIM:To investigate the effects of irbesartan on the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) at mRNA and protein levels in rats with myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore the mechanisms of irbesartan attenuating myocardial fibrosis.METHODS:The male Wistar rat model of MI was successfully established.The surviving rats 24 h after the operation were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group,irbesartan group and sham group, with 9 rats in each group.The rats in irbesartan group were treated with the solution of irbesartan (50 mg·kg-1·d-1) by intragastric administration, while the rats in model group and sham group received the equal volume of saline by the same way.The body weight and left ventricle mass (LVM) of the rats were measured at the 4th week after operation, and the pathological changes of the ischemic myocardium were observed with HE staining.Meanwhile, the expression of HGF at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS:HE staining showed that the myocardial cells in sham group were in neat arrangement, while the cardiac structure in model group and irbesartan group was in disorder.The pathological changes in irbesartan group were less than that in model group.No difference in the body weight at the 4th week after operation was observed, while the LVM was significantly different among the 3 groups (P<0.01).The LVM in model group was higher than that in sham group (P<0.01), and that in irbesartan group was higher than that in sham group (P<0.05).The LVM in irbesartan group was lower than that in model group (P<0.05).The expression of HGF at mRNA and protein levels was detected in each group.The expression of HGF at mRNA and protein levels in irbesartan group was higher than that in sham group (P<0.05), and that in model group was higher than that in sham group (P<0.01).Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of HGF in irbesartan group were lower than those in model group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The LVM of MI rats with the treatment of irbesartan was reduced obviously at the 4th week after operation, and the pathological changes were also improved.At the 4th week after the operation, the treatment of irbesartan inhibited the expression of HGF at mRNA and protein levels.
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Objective To compare the short and long term effect of knee osteoarthritis treatment with two therapeutic methods which are simple high cut of fibula and arthroscopic lavage debridement combined with fibular osteotomy.Methods Data of 45 consecutive patients with knee osteoarthritis were retrospectively observed and selected,and then they were divided into two groups according to the operation method.23 patients with simple high cut of fibula were selected as the control group,and 22 patients with arthroscopic lavage debridement combined with fibular osteotomy were selected as the observation group.Results The VAS and AKS scores of the control group at the time of 3m,6m,1 2m were (4.1 3 ±0.76)points,(1 07.04 ±21 .53)points;(2.70 ±0.64)points,(1 41 .1 7 ±1 2.57)points;(2.43 ±0.79)points,(1 48.26 ±5.81 )points;and the scores of the observation group were (3.45 ± 0.60)points,(1 26.64 ±1 4.24)points,(2.70 ±0.73)points,(1 46.45 ±7.26)points,(2.41 ±0.85)points and (1 48.26 ±5.81 )points.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant at the time of 3 months after surgery(t =3.32,-3.62,all P 0.05 ). Conclusion The simple high cut of fibula with small trauma,less cost,less surgical difficulty,and long -term clini-cal curative effect is not less than the arthroscopic lavage and debridement combined with fibular osteotomy.There-fore,it should be carried out in the primary hospitals widely.
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In order to investigate the effect of sequence-specific small interfering RNA on suppressing cyclin D1 expression and proliferation and cell cycle and expression of G1 phase regulators of fibroblasts derived from keloid, the plasmid expression vector of siRNA targeted against cyclin D1 was constructed and transfected into fibroblasts with LipofectamineTM 2000. The changes of cyclin D1 expression were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR), semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of sequence- specific small interfering RNA in suppressing the proliferation of fibroblasts was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry were used for evaluation ofceU cycle. The expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, pRb and P16 was detected by immunohistochemical method. The results showed that: (1) The sequence- specific siRNA effectively suppressed cyclin D1 expression at both mRNA levels with inhibition rate of 63.68% and 92.83% (P<0.01). (2) Significantly inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts, and changed cell cycle in percentage of G0/G1 phase cells was increased compared with the controls groups in fibroblasts(P < 0.05). (3) 72 h after transfection, the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and pRb decreased, and the expression of P16 increased. It can be concluded that the plasmid expression vector for the RNAi against cyclin D1 constructed in the study can effectively and specifically suppress cyclin D1 expression, and progression of G1/S is effected by G1 phase related regulatory protein, and suppresses proliferation of fibroblasts derived fiom keloid.
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BACKGROUND: Both density gradient centrifugation and adherence method arc frequently used to isolate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).OBJECTIVE: To investigate the approaches to isolate, culture and identify the rabbit BMSCs in vitro by the combination of den,ity gradient centrifugation and adherence method. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Contrast cytological study, which was performed in Central Laboratory of Shanghai 6th People's Hospital between October 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS: Six 2-week-old rabbits were selected for BMSCs preparation and primary culture; Percoll separating medium (1.073 kg/L) was also used for this study.METHODS: BMSCs were separated and purified with Percoll separating medium by density gradient centrifugation and adherence method. The three-, five-, seven-, and nine-passage BMSCs were counted for growth curve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological features and growth states of primary and passage cells were observed under inverted microscope. Indirect immunofluorescence of CD44 and CD34 antibodies were used to examine the stem cells. CD44 staining was positive, and CD34 staining was negative, suggesting the extracting and purifying cells were BMSCs. RESULTS: The passage BMSCs were uniformly distributed like fusiform shape, which were more uniform than primary cultured cells. The BMSCs grew productively and proliferated rapidly; meanwhile, the nucleolus was clear, caryopla.sm was in a large proportion, morphological features were uniform, ceils like bostrychoid or whirlpool were arranged parallelly, and the five-pa.ssage cells were not changed remarkably. Proliferation was decreased gradually with the passage increasing; especially, the proliferation of three-five-passage cells was the strongest. The separated cells expressed CD44 but not CD34. CONCLUSION: High-purified rabbit BMSCs are obtained by both density gradient centrifugation and adherence method.