ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to determine the CV risk in Chinese patients with T2D based on the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and CV diseases.@*METHODS@#A total of 25,411 patients with T2D, who participated in the study of China Cardiometabolic Registries 3B study, were included in our analysis. We assessed the proportions of patients in each CV risk category according to 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines.@*RESULTS@#Based on the 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines, 16,663 (65.6%), 1895 (7.5%), and 152 (0.6%) of patients were included in "very high risk," "high risk," and "moderate risk" categories, respectively. The proportions of patients in each category varied based on age, sex, body mass index, and duration. While 58.7% (9786/16,663) of elderly patients were classified to "very high risk" group, 89.6% (3732/4165) of patients with obesity were divided into "very high risk" group. Almost all patients with a duration of diabetes >10 years had "very high risk" or "high risk." However, 6701 (26.4%) of Chinese T2D patients, who had shorter duration, and one or two risk factors, could not be included in any category (the "unclear risk" category).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In China, most patients with T2D have "very high" or "high" CV risk based on 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. However, the risk of patients in "unclear risk" group needs to be further classified.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of elevated low-density lipoprotein(LDL)cholesterol on the release of endothelial microvesicles into the circulatory system in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods:This was a case-control study.A total of 69 elderly inpatients aged ≥ 60 years were divided into the OSA group(n=48)and the normal control group(n=21)based on the apnea/hypopnea index(AHI). Sleep monitoring was carried out in the two groups, and venous blood samples were taken after the monitoring.Density gradient centrifugation was used to extract microparticles and flow cytometry was used to analyze patients' blood levels of endothelial microvesicles.Blood lipid levels of patients were measured by biochemical analysis methods.The correlation between LDL cholesterol levels and endothelial microvesicles in OSA patients was analyzed.Results:LDL cholesterol levels were higher in OSA patients than in normal controls(2.6±0.6 mmol/L vs.2.2±0.7 mmol/L, t=2.089, P=0.041). Endothelial microvesicle levels were elevated in OSA patients compared with the normal controls[(28.2±12.2)×10 -6events/L vs.(19.6±7.8)×10 -6 events/L, t=-3.164, P=0.003]. Endothelial microvesicle levels increased in OSA patients with elevated LDL cholesterol compared with OSA patients with normal LDL cholesterol[(39.3±12.6)×10 -6 events/L vs.(28.2±12.2)×10 -6 events/L, t=2.899, P=0.006]. There was a significant correlation between LDL cholesterol levels and endothelial microvesicle levels in OSA patients( r=0.497, P=0.032), while levels of HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and blood glucose had no significant correlation with endothelial microvesicle levels. Conclusions:The level of endothelial microvesicles released into the circulation is higher in elderly OSA patients than in normal elderly people, and the elevated concentration of LDL can further promote the release of endothelial microvesicles in OSA patients.