ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule has pretty good clinical therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis of early and middle periods. However, the mechanism of Tougu Xiaotong Capsule is not ful y clarified. The RhoA GTPases can regulate chondrocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE:To observe the Tougu Xiaotong Capsule on the expression of Rac1and Cdc42 in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced in vitro cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and to explore its mechanism of action for combating osteoarthritis. METHODS:Knee cartilage of the 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats was used to stably establish in vitro culture system of chondrocytes. Passage 3 chondrocytes were identified by toluidine blue staining. Chondrocyte apoptosis was successful y induced by 20μg/L tumor necrosis factor-αand then Tougu Xiaotong Capsule at different dosage (500, 100, 20 mg/L) was given after 24-hour incubation. MTT assay was used to detect cellsurvival, flow cytrometry to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, and western blot assay to determine the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42, Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule could reduce tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes to improve the survival rate of the cells, and at the same time, could down-regulate the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax and increase the protein expression of Bcl-2 significantly (P<0.05). Tougu Xiaotong Capsule possibly plays a therapeutic efficacy on osteoarthritis by reducing promote apoptosis Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax expression and increasing apoptosis inhibiting gene Bcl-2 expression, thereby to inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the tympanotomy and pressure equilibrium tube insertion during palatoplasty on the alleviation of otitis media with effusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 49 ears in 38 cases of patients with cleft palate and otitis media with effusion were only treated with palatoplasty. Other 39 ears in 24 patients with middle ear effusion were treated with the palatoplasty and insertion of pressure equilibrium tubes. The function of the middle ear in each patient was evaluated 6 months after the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>48.7% of ears with middle ear effusion were healed in the group of the palatoplasty combined with pressure equilibrium tube insertion, and the hearing level was raised about 17dB six months after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pressure equilibrium tube insertion is helpful for the recovery of the middle ear function in patients with cleft palate and middle media effusion.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Cleft Palate , General Surgery , Ear, Middle , Middle Ear Ventilation , Otitis Media with Effusion , General Surgery , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Objective: To study the microcosmic and pathological changes of compressed premaxillary suture in rabbit models with the cleft in premaxilla.Method: 12 male New Zealand rabbits, at the age of 3 weeks were designed randomly into 3 groups with 4 in each. In group 1and 2 a retropress force of 2.24 and 1.12 N was applied on the maxilla of the animals respectively. The other group was the control. The experimental animals were killed and compressed premaxilla suture specimens were examined by microscopy and electron microscopy 3,6,9 and 12 weeks after operation respectively. Result:In group 1 disturbance of microstructure and degeneration of osteoblasts were observed 3 and 6 weeks after application of the compress force. In control group normal bone structure and development of maxilla were observed. The microcosmic changes in group 2 were similar to those in group 1, but slighter. The microcostructure in the compressed premaxilla tended to be normal 9 weeks after operation. Conclusion:Compress force on premaxillary suture may result in limited pathological changes of the bone during early developing stage.