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Objectives To study the effect of ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression in human umbilical arterial vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods Human umbilical artery vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro. Different doses of bortezomib (0, 4, 10, 40nmol/L) were used to treat cell. Cell proliferation activity were detected by using CCK8 method. Western Blot assay was used to measure the expression of Pro-caspase-3 and Cleaved-PARP protein. Morphology of cells in different groups are observed by confocal microscopy and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Results Bortezomib inhibits proliferation activity of vascular smooth muscle cells. With increasing of drug concentration and treating time, cell viability are reduced (P < 0.01). Cells treated with different concentrations bortezomib for 48 h showed increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.01), decreased pro-caspase-3 protein expression and increased cleaved-PARP protein expression (P < 0.01). Laser confocal microscope found that with the increase of drug concentration, the number of apoptotic cells showed an upward trend under per high-power vision. Conclusion The ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor bortezomib may decrease the expression of pro-caspase-3 and increase Cleaved-PARP expression in human umbilical artery vascular smooth muscle cells. Additionally , it could induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
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To investigate the relationships among plasma secreted frizzled-related protein ( sfrp) 5 level and body fat parameters, glucolipid metabolism, insulin resistance index, and inflammation. 89 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT) and 87 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled and each group was divided into no-obese and obese subgroups. Obesity was defined as body mass index ( BMI)≥25 kg/m2 according to the World Health Organization -Western Pacific Region diagnostic criteria ( 2000 ) . Body fat parameters were measured and BMI, waist-hip ratio were evaluated, meanwhile, the levels of blood glucose-lipid parameters and fasting insulin were also determined. Insulin resistance index ( IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA) . The concentrations of plasma sfrp5 and interleukin 6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma sfrp5 level in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in NGT group [(8. 35±3. 38 vs 11. 35±3. 69)ng/ml, P<0. 01]. The levels of plasma sfrp5 in subjects with obesity were also lower than those in subjects with no-obesity in both NGT and T2DM groups [(9. 46±2. 70 vs 13. 12±3. 62)ng/ml and(6. 70±2. 34 vs 10. 12±3. 45) ng/ml, both P<0. 01]. Plasma concentrations of sfrp5 in T2DM-obese group were significantly lower than that in NGT-obese group(P<0. 01). Correlation analysis showed that plasma sfrp5 levels were negatively correlated with waist-hip ratio, HbA1C, fasting insulin, triglycerides, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, interleukin 6, natural logarithm of HOMA-IR [ln(HOMA-IR)], and BMI(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). Multiple linear regression showed that ln(HOMA-IR), BMI, triglycerides were independent related factors in influencing the levels of plasma sfrp5 (r2=0. 216, 0. 177, 0. 113, all P<0. 05). Plasma sfrp5 levels were decreased in obesity and T2DM subjects and were correlated with body fat disposition, glucose-lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation. Lack of sfrp5 may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the women menopausal period and metabolic syndrome (MS) .Meth-ods The female residents of Chongqing urban areas above 40 years were selected as the investigation group ,all the subjects were performed the questionnaire survey and the physical examination ,at the same time the biochemical indexes were detected .Finally , 1402 women of natural menopause were included in this study .The study subjects were divided into different groups according to the menopausal period of <5 years ,5- <10 years ,10- <15 years and ≥15 years .The Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the relationship between the menopausal period with MS and its components .Results The MS prevalence in this group was 40 .87% ,and the menopausal period of the women with MS was significantly higher than that without MS (P<0 .05) .The MS prevalences of postmenopausal women in the menopause period of <5 years ,5 - <10 years ,10 - <15 years and ≥15 years were 29 .37% ,34 .29% ,45 .30% and 49 .13% respectively (P<0 .05) .After adjustment for age and BMI (except central obesity ) ,the MS risk in the menopausal period of 10- <15 years and was 1 .54 times of that in the menopausal period of <5 years .The Logis-tic regression analysis showed that BMI and menopausal period were the influence factors of MS .Conclusion Post-menopausal women are the high-risk group of MS and the menopausal period is correlated to MS .
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Objective To detect plasma progranulin (PGRN) level in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and to investigate the relationship of plasma PGRN level with glycolipid metabolism,inflammation,and insulin resistance.Methods Eighty patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 88 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were recruited in the study.Both of them were divided into normal weight (NW)subgroup and obesity (OB) subgroup.Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 according to the World Health Organization-Western Pacific Region diagnostic criteria(2000).Body fat parameters were measured and BMI,waist-to-hip ratio were determined.Fasting plasma PGRN and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined by ELISA,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading (2hPG),HbA1C,fasting insulin (FINS),and lipids were also detected.Insulin resistance and pancreas β cell function were assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR,HOMA-β).Results Plasma PGRN level was significantly higher in T2DM group than that in NGT group(P＜0.01).Within groups of T2DM and NGT,plasma PGRN level in OB subgroups was higher than that in NW subgroups [(225.22 ± 34.39 vs 195.59 ± 50.47 and 183.79 ± 61.63 vs 148.69 ± 55.27) ng/ml,P＜0.05].Bivariate correlation analysis showed that plasma PGRN level was positively correlated with weight,waist circumference,BMI,systolic blood pressure,FPG,2hPG,HbA1C,triglyceride(TG),IL-6,FINS,and HOMA-IR (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and was negatively correlated with HOMA-β (P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI,HbA1C,IL-6,and TG were independently related to plasma PGRN level(P＜0.05).Conclusions Plasma PGRN level was increased in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as in obesity,and was closely related with glycolipid metabolism,inflammation,and insulin resistance.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between watching television time and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) , type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chongqing City .Methods Population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigated the local permanent staff(lived in Chongqing more than 5 years) who were 40 years old or elder in Chongqing City .Results The overall prevalence rate of IGR and T 2DM was 6 .3% ,5 .6% respectively .The average weekly watching TV time of the samples was (12 .3 ± 10 .1) h .After adjusting for possible confounding factors ,the prevalence rate of IGR and T2DM in patients watching TV time >14 h per week was significantly higher than those watching TV time ≤ 7 h per week(Adjust .OR = 1 .528 ,95% CI = 1 .034 - 2 .121 ;OR = 1 .482 ,95% CI = 1 .133 - 2 .047 ,respectively ) .Conclusion Siting and watching TV time were positively correlated with the risk of IGR ,T2DM .So ,we should actively encourage and promote healthy lifestyles to reduce siting and watching TV time .
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Clinical experience of professor YANG Mu-xiang in treating hypertension,hyperplasia of prostate gland,acne and thyroid hyperfunction by brunellae spica were introduced,it was considered that the taste of brunellae spica was bitter and sweet,which was not hurt the spleen and stomach,and its cold nature was not consumption of yang,and it could remove hepatic heat,and have the function of eliminating stagnation.It was used when position of disease was liver,and pathogenesis was stagnation of liver qi or accumulation of heat;the dosage of 10-15g was used when the cooling-relieving heat accumulation therapy,and the dosage of 15-30g was used when eliminating stagnation.