ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the histological features, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the prostate.MethodsThe clinical, pathological and follow-up data of two cases of small cell carcinoma of the prostate were respectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.ResultsTwo cases of small cell carcinoma were diagnosed by transtectal prostate biopsy. Microscopically, the tumor arranged in nest structures and exhibited small round cells with the nuclei extremely hyperchromatic and scanty. Coagulated necrosis was easily observed. The immunohistochemical testing was positive for NSE and negative for PSA 、PAP. Case 1 received palliative surgery and postoperative chemotherapy of EP (VP-16, Cisplatin), and died of recurrence and distant metastasis after six months. Case 2 received palliative surgery and oral bicalutamide treatment, and died of recurrence and liver metastasis after three months.ConclusionsSmall cell carcinoma of the prostate has the biological behavior of invasive growth with an unfavorable prognosis, which is often in an advanced stage at first diagnosis. The ultimate diagnosis depends on histopathology and surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the most effective treatment.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Polygona-polysaccharose (PSP) on blood glucose level and the mechanism of protection on diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The animal model of diabetes was established by injecting STZ (60 mg x kg(-1)) into its abdominal cavity. The amount of water drinking, food intake, urinary volume and body weight were measured at the fourth week of the treatment. The blood samples were drawn to determine the indexes of blood glucose (FBG) and Glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and blood serum insulin (INS). Pancreatic pathology was studied with morphological method and immunohistochemical method. The distribution of apoptotic cells and the expression of Caspase-3 were observed by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The levels of FBG, GSP and the amount of water drinking, food intake, urinary volume in the PSP treated groups were obviously lower than those in the model group while INS increased. PSP decreased the rate of apoptotic cells and the level of Caspase-3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PSP can effectivly decrease blood glucose and increase INS. The mechanism may be related with inhibiting islet cell apoptosis and lowering Caspase-3.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Apoptosis , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Blood Proteins , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Blood , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Glycoproteins , Blood , Hypoglycemic Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Insulin , Blood , Polysaccharides , Pharmacology , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effects and mechanisms of astragaloside (AST) and astragalus saponin I (ASI) on the memory impairment in senescent rats treated by glucocorticoid (GC).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Y maze test was performed to determine the effects of AST and ASI on memory impairment of hydrocortisone(HC)-induced senescent rats. Using Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent indicator (Furo-2), free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by double wavelength fluorescence sepectrophotometer in thymocytes and hippocampal neurons induced dexamethasone (DEX). And apoptosis was detected by DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with HC control, AST and ASI can improve the memory of the senescent rats treated by HC, lower [Ca2+]i and suppress apoptosis of thymocytes and hippocampal neurons induced by DEX.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AST and ASI can delay the aging in rats treated by HC, and its mechanism may includ lowering[Ca2+]i and suppressing the apoptosis of thymocytes and hippocampal neurons.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Aging , Metabolism , Pathology , Apoptosis , Body Weight , Calcium , Metabolism , Dexamethasone , Glucocorticoids , Hippocampus , Pathology , Intracellular Space , Metabolism , Memory Disorders , Metabolism , Pathology , Neurons , Pathology , Saponins , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Aim To observe the neurological protective effects of astragalosides(AST) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Male SD rats received right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 min,and were decapitated 1,3,7,and 14 days after reperfusion.AST(40 mg?kg-1) was orally administered after I/R.Neurological deficit score was daily determined,the expressions of BDNF and p75NTR mRNA were detected by RT-PCR,and the expression of TrkB mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.Results AST reduced the neurological deficit score on days 3,increased the expression of BDNF mRNA on days 3,7 and 14,decreased p75NTR mRNA and increased TrkB mRNA on days 3 and 7.Conclusions AST improves the neurological deficits after I/R in rats.The mechanism may be related with increasing BDNF,and TrkB mRNA,and decreasing p75NTR mRNA.