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Objective To compare the efficacy of empagliflozin and DDP4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods With Computer,we retrieval PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang database to find all of the randomized controlled trials about the effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin and DDP4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The retrieval time was from the establishment of database to March,2016.References screen were performed manually.Meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.2 software.Results A total of five studies included 1935 cases.The Meta analysis results showed that:HbA1c level (MD =-0.07,95％ CI:-0.13--0.01,P ＜0.05),fasting blood glucose (MD =-16.73,95％ CI:-21.02--12.43,P ＜ 0.01),weight loss level (MD =-2.43 95％ CI:-2.68--2.19,P ＜ 0.01) in the two groups showed statistically significant differences.Empagliflozin group was better than DDP4 inhibitors group in reducing HbA1c level,fasting blood glucose,weight loss level.Safety:hypoglycemia between the two groups were similar (OR =0.86,95％ CI:0.46-1.6,P ＞ 0.05).Empagliflozin group's genital tract infection rate was statistically significant higher than that of DDP4 inhibitors.(OR =2.85,95％ CI:1.71-4.76,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Empagliflozin can effectively reduce the fasting blood glucose,HbAIc,and body weight,but increase the incidence of genital infection compare with DDP4 inhibitors.
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Objective To study the effect of different types of dyslipidemia on heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Cohort study was carried out at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University during January 2014 to May 2016.Total 725 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited,including 231 patients without dyslipidemia and 494 patients with dyslipidemia.Clinical parameters were collected from electronic medical records system.Using variance analysis,chi square test,Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis,we explored an association of different types of dyslipidemia and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.Results TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG + HDL-C group significantly decreased heart rate variability compared group without dyslipidemia (P ＜ 0.05).But the partial correlation analysis showed that only atherogenic index of plasma and Triglyceride (TG) were negatively correlated with heart rate variability,HDL cholesterol was positively correlated with heart rate variability,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Triglyceride (TG),atherogenic index of plasma(AIP),HDL cholesterol were related to the reduction heart rate variability in patents with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To explore the impacts of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Totally 448 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into diabetes plus SCH group (n=148) and control group (T2DM without SCH,n=300).The patient's general information,past medical history,chronic complications of diabetes including diabetic nephropathy ( DN ), diabetic retinopathy ( DR), diabetic peripheral neuropathy ( DPN ),peripheral arterial disease (PAD),diabetic foot (DF),ancillary and laboratory test results were analyzed. Results The age,duration of diabetes,incidence of coronary heart disease and levels of fasting C-peptide,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,lipoprotein (a),hs-CRP,LDL-C,UAER and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) [(6.8 ± 3.5) mIU/L vs. (2.1 ± 1.3) mlU/L], antithyroidperoxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) [(253.6 ± 287.1 ) kU/L vs. (46.2 ± 80.7)] kU/L and thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab) [( 57.8 ± 83.5 ) kU/L vs. ( 39.4 ± 45.3 ) kU/L] were significantly higher,but the ankle brachial index(ABI) and E/A value were lower in diabetes plus SCH group than in control group (P＜0.01 or 0.05).The prevalences of DN( 63％ vs.46％,P＜0.01),DR (40％vs.29％,P＜0.05),DPN (34％ vs.24％,P＜0.05),PAD (51％ vs.38％,P＜0.05) and DF (22％ vs.12％,P＜0.01) were higher in diabetes plus SCH group than in control group.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high level of TSH was independent risk factor for DN(β=0.1273,OR =1.1361) and DF (β=0.1153, OR =1.1222). Conclusions Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for diabetic nephropathy and diabetic foot,so the elderly with longer duration of diabetes should regularly be checked in thyroid ffunction to early find hypothyroidism.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum leptin and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 16 normal controls were studied. Fasting serum leptin, fasting glucose(FBG), HbAlc, C-peptide, lipide, systolic(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circ-umference (WC) were measured in all subjects. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery was measured by high-resolu-tion ultrasound imaging. Results IMT of T2DM was positively correlated with leptin concentration. Conclusion Serum leptin concentra-tion is independently associated with the IMT of carotid artery, which suggest that leptin may be an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To explore the association of serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) level with leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitns (T2DM). Methods 35 cases of T2DM patients were involved in the study and 16 normal subjects were taken as controls. Fasting serum leptin and CRP were measured .The relationship between them were also analyzed. Results Fasting serum hs-CRP concentration in T2DM group was higher than that in healthy control group, but serum ieptin levels is the same (P > 0.05). Partial correlation analysis demonstrated that fasting hs-CRP level was positively correlated with leptin (r =0.512 ,P =0. 018). Conclusion Fasting serum hs-CRP level is significantly raised in T2DM ,which is associated with leptin. There is chronic inflammatory reaction in T2DM patients,and leptin is possibly involved in inflammatory pathogenesis of T2DM.
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BACKGROUND: The morbidity of diabetes mellitus increased recently.There are few reports about the pulmonary function status of the patients with diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To comparably observe the difference of the pulmonary function status between patients with diabetes mellitus and normal persons,and to probe into the relationship between the course of disease of diabetes mellitus and the functional change of pulmonary function.DESIGN: Case controlled observation SETTING: Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 90 patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University between January 2000 and De cember 2003 were recruited. All the patients participated in the experiment voluntarily. Totally 20 cases were of insulin dependent diabetes mellitns (IDDM) and 70 cases were of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Another 90 cases were divided into 2 groups with the boundary line of 10 years: group with disease course ＜10 years (n=40) and group with disease course ＞10 years (n=50). And 30 normal persons with healthy pulmonary function was set as healthy control group, all the testees were voluntary participants in the experiment.METHODS: Pulmonary function index of the participants of each group was measured: vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%), peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR)maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and comparison was performed between them.Comparison of the pulmonary function status of the patients between different levels of diabetes mellitus.pulmonary function between different groups : Compared with health control group, VC , FVC and MVV of the patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly decreased (t=1.999-2.301, P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the VC, FVC and MVV between patients with monary function between patients with different diabetes mellitus: the pulmonary function status in the group with disease course ＞10 years was improved less than that in the group with disease course ＜10 years [ VC (L):2.62±0.65 vs 3.25±1.25;FVC(L): 2.40±0.52 vs 3.21±0.98;FEV1%:75.31±2.31 vs 80.63±5.56;PEFR (L/s):4.33±0.68 vs 5.98±1.02;MVV (L/s): 76.22±6.98 vs 89.21±5.69 (t=2.012-2.350, P ＜ 0.05)].CONCLUSION: Pulmonary function of the patients with diabetes mellitus has reduced tendency compared with the normal persons, and the pulmonary function of the patients with long course of disease decreases significantly. More attention should be paid to diabetes patients' pulmonary function changes.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of puerarin on expression of the glucogen synthase kinase-3 bate (GSK-3?) in adipocyte of rats with insulin resistance induced by diets. METHODS: 30 Wister rats were randomized into two groups: control group (n=10) and model group (n=20).Control group were fed with general diets, while model group were fed with the high fat diets to induce insulin resistance. After 4 weeks, the models have formed then were randomized into two groups: model group (n=10) and puerarin group (n=10). Puerarin group were treated with puerarin (100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 , ip) for 6 weeks.GSK-3? protein was detected by Western-blot analysis. Body weight, serum triglyceride and cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration were detected termly and the insulin sensitivity index was calculated. RESULTS: The model group showed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, obviously obesity and the insulin resistance index (ISI) decrease by high fat diets, insulin resistance was induced by this way. Compared with model group, GSK-3? protein in adipocyte of puerarin group rats decreased (P
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AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on expression and translocation of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) in adipocyte of rats with insulin resistance induced by diets. METHODS: Experimental rats were divided into three groups: control group (n=10), model group (n=10) and puerarin group (n=10) randomly. Animals in model group and puerarin group were fed with the diets enriched with sucrose (20%, w/w), lard (10%, w/w), cholesterol( 2.5%, w/w) and cholic acid (1%, w/w) to induce insulin resistance. Puerarin group were treated with puerarin (100 mg?kg -1 body weight, ip) every day for 6 weeks. After the plasma membranes and the intracellular membranes of adipocyte were prepared and separated, GLUT4 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Body weight, serum triglyceride and cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration were detected termly. And the insulin sensitivity index was also calculated. RESULTS: Western blot analysis showed that intracellular membranes GLUT4 protein in adipocyte of model group rats decreased by 38.72% (P
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of massotherapy in conjuction with domperidone on motilin and gastric emptying time of patients with diabetic gastroparesis(DGP). Methods One hundred cases of DGP were randomly and equally divided into a control group ( n =50) and a therapy group ( n =50). The control group was treated with domperidone. The therapy group was treated with massotherapy in addition to domperidone. Both groups were observed for 6 weeks. Results The total effective rate in the therapy group and control group was 92%and 78%, respectively ( P
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Objective To observe the effects of exercise training on the expression of glycogen synthase ki-nase-3 (GSK-3) in the skeletal muscles of rats with insulin resistance induced by a high-fat and high sucrose diet. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a model group and an exercise group. Rats in the model and exercise groups were fed with a high-fat and sucrose diet (20% sucrose, 10% lard, 2.5% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid) for 4 weeks, and then the rats in the exercise group were trained by swimming 5 d every week for 6 weeks. After treatment, the concentration of GSK-3 protein in their muscles was detected by Western blot analysis, while their weights, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, and their concentrations of fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were measured periodically and their insulin sensitivity index was calculated. Results Compared with the controls, the expression of GSK-3 in the skeletal muscles of the rats in the model group increased by 70. 20% (P
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Objective To investigate the effect of exercise on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipocyte of rats with insulin resistance induced by diets. Methods Experimental rats were randomized into three groups: a control group (n=10), a model group (n=10) and an exercise group (n=10). The model and exercise groups were fed with the diets enriched with sucrose (20%,w/w), lard (10%, w/w), cholesterol (2.5%, w/w) and cholic acid (1%, w/w) to induce insulin resistance. Exercise group was subject to swim for 6 weeks. After the plasma membrane and the intracellular membrane of adipocyte were prepared and separated, GLUT4 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The body weight, serum triglyceride and cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration were detected at the predetermined time points. And the insulin sensitivity index was calculated. Results Western blot analysis showed that intracellular membrane GLUT4 protein in adipocyte of the rats in the model group decreased by 38.72% (P
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Objective To investigate effects of rosiglitazone on glucose transport-4(GLUT4) protein translocation in skeletal muscle of insulin resistance rats. Methods 38 male sprague dawley rats were randomized to received high fat or standard chow diet for 8 weeks, feeding high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of rats. 25 high-fat-fed rats were randomly treated with rosiglitazone(1mg/kg), standard chow diet, or placebo(high-fat diet) for 4 weeks. Plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin, weight and viscero-fat in all rats were measured. The GLUT4 level in the cell membrane of isolated rats skeletal muscle was detected by western blotting analysis. Results Insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in skeletal muscles of high fat-fed rats was significantly lower than that of standard chow-fed rats(52 72%,P
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Objective To investigate the effect of diet on the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B in liver of insulin resistant rats induced by high fat diet. Methods 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) which was given basic diet, and the model group (n=20) which was given high fat diet. After 4 weeks, the model group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups:insulin resistant group which continued to receive high fat diet, and diet-treated group which accepted diet intervention for 6 weeks. The protein expression level of PTP1B in the liver of rats were determined with western blotting at the end of 10th week. Results The protein content of PTP1B in the liver of insulin resistant rats significantly increased by 98.3% compared with the control group (t=9.335,P
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AIM: To explore the change of the amount of GLUT4 protein at the plasma membrane of the rat skeletal muscle after high-fat feeding. METHODS: The animals were divided into three groups (ten for each): group I: control; group II: high-fat feeding; group III: high-fat feeding + dietary treatment. The rat model of insulin resistance (IR) was made by feeding high-fat diet for eight weeks. And then insulin-resistant rats were fed with chow diet for 4 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and fasting serum insulin levels were measured before and after dietary treatment, respectively. Insulin treatment was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of insulin (10 unit insulin per kg body weight) 15 minutes before killing the animals. The right hindlimb skeletal muscle was rapidly dissected. Then the expression of GLUT4 protein at the plasma membrane in all the animals was assessed with Western bloting. RESULTS: The GLUT4 content at the plasma membrane in high-fat-fed rat skeletal muscle was significantly lower (about 31%) than that in controls (P
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AIM: To develop a rat model of insulin resistance and observe the effect of puerarin injection on expression of GSK-3 in insulin resistance rats.METHEDS: 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups randomly: control group,model group and puerarin group.The model group and puerarin group were given high fat diet(20% surcose,10% ard,(2.5)% chlesterol,1% cholic acid) for 4 weeks.Then the puerarin group was given abdominal injection puerarin 100(mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) for six weeks.At the end of this experiment,we detect GSK-3 protein by western-blot analysis.Then computer image pattern analysis system was used to analyze the expression of GSK-3 in the hepatacyte.RESULTS: Tthe model group showed a hyperglycemia,hyperinsulinism,the ISI decreased and HOMA-IR increased.GSK-3 expression enhanced in the model group,but the expression of GSK-3 in puerarin group decreased compared to the model group.CONCLUSION: Puerarin injection can significantly decreased the expression of GSK-3 and improve insulin resistance.
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Objective To observe the effects of puerarin on the expression of glycogen synthase kinase- 3 (GSK- 3) in the skeletal muscle of rats with insulin resistance induced by high fat and sucrose diets. Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, model group and puerarin group, 10 rats in each group. The model group and puerarin group were fed with the high fat and sucrose diets for 4 weeks. Then puerarin group was treated with puerarin by abdominal injection (100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, GSK- 3 content was detected by Western blot analysis. Body weight, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured regularly and insulin sensitivity index was also computed as well. Results The outcome of Western blot analysis showed that the expression of GSK- 3 in the skeletal muscle of the model group increased by 70.20 % (P
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AIMTo develop a rat model of insulin resistanc e,and to study the effect of puerarin injection on expression of protein kinase B in insulin resistanc e rats. METHODS30 SD rats were randomly divded into two groups. The model group were given the high fat diets(0 30 pig fat, 0 10 sucrose, 0 0 3 cholesterol) for 8 weeks. Then 9 rats of the group had been choosen as the pu erarin treatment group and were given abdominal injection (100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) for 4 weeks. By the end of the experiment, Western blot and computer i mage pattern analyze system were used to analysis expression of PKB in skeletal muscles. RESULTS(1) The model group showed a hyperglycemia, hype rinsulinism and obviously visceral obesity by high fat-feeding, the insulin res istance index (ISI) decreased while the HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) increased compared to the normal group, insulin resistance was induced in this way; (2) Compared with the pathology control group:fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), visceral fat mass and the HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of the treating group were significantly decreased whereas the insuli n index (ISI) enhanced. Expression of PKB was markedly increased by puerarin tre atment. CONCLUSIONPuerarin injection can significantly elevate e xepression of PKB and ameliorate the state of insulin resistance. Improved biolo gic effect of insulin and prevention of the deleterious effect of fat may be in volved in the mechanism concerned.
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The potency and safety of thyroid artery embolization by Pingyangmycin Lipiodol Emulsion(PLE) were observed. The results suggested that PLE is a potential embolization agent in interventional therapy of hyperthyroidism with relative safety and efficacy.
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Objective: To study the effect of low fat diet on expression of protein kinase B (PKB) in adipose tissue of rats with insulin resistance. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group ( C, n=10),given low fat diet; model group (M, n=20), given high fat diet. After 4 w, group M was randomly divided into 2 subgroups accepting diet intervention of 6 w.(1)High fat group (HF) was continually given high fat diet;(2)Low fat group (LF) accepted low fat diet. The expression of PKB stimulated by insulin in adipose tissue was determined with Western blotting at the end of the experiment. Results: (1) Group M showed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, hypertriglyceride, hypercholesterolemia and elevated HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) while the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was obviously reduced compared to group C, indicating that the insulin resistant model was induced ; (2) Low fat diet treatment decreased FBG,TG,TC,which were accompanied by lower HOMA-IR and elevated ISI; (3) Because of long term high fat diet, expression of PKB in adipose tissue of group HF decreased by 23.5% (P