ABSTRACT
Patients with patulous Eustachian tubes(PET) usually suffer from annoying symptoms, such as tinnitus, autophony and aural fullness, due to the excessive opening of the Eustachian tube. There is no uniform standard of treatment, and conservative therapy combined with"Stepup"surgical intervention strategy is the main treatment. In this article, we reviewed various surgical treatments of patulous Eustachian tube in recent years, including key points of surgical operation, effectiveness, safety and complications. Full communication and evaluation are needed to establish appropriate patients' expectations preoperatively. A "Stepup" treatment strategy will be carried out, including conservative treatment, tympanic membrane surgery, Eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice constriction surgery, Eustachian tube tympanic orifice plug surgery and Eustachian tube muscle surgery, which aims to maintain normal Eustachian tube function and good middle ear ventilation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eustachian Tube/surgery , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Ear, Middle , Tympanic Membrane/surgery , Tinnitus , Otitis MediaABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the nursing intervention and efficacy of docetaxel combined with pirarubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Methods In our hospital from January 2014 to February 2015 were selected from the patients with advanced breast cancer in 94 cases as the research object, the single and double number (hospital admission order) of the selected patients with advanced breast cancer were randomly divided into study group and control group, 41 cases in each group. 2 groups of patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with docetaxel combined with pirarubicin, the control group was given routine nursing services, and the study group was given comprehensive nursing intervention measures on the basis of routine care. Results Of the 2 groups of patients with advanced breast cancer nursing after different nursing measures the same drug plan, after the study group, the total efficiency of treatment in the method [please explain what is near total efficiency] (82.98%) was significantly better than the control group (61.70%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the study group the nursing service satisfaction was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion With the combination of docetaxel and pirarubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer patients, comprehensive nursing measures can achieve better clinical efficacy and benefit the maintenance of good relationship between nurses and patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To study anti-inflammatory,analgesic and anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides from Acanthopanan trifoliatus (ATMP) in rats and mice. METHODS:In hot plate experiment,150 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (constant volume of normal saline),aspirin group [200 mg/(kg·d)],and ATMP high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [400,200,100 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)];the threshold of pain was determined,and analgesic effect of ATMP was investigated. 150 mice were included in exhaustive swimming test and then randomly divided into normal control group(con-stant volume of normal saline),Chongcao yangshen jijing group [400 mg/(kg·d)by total saponins],and ATMP high-dose,medi-um-dose and low-dose groups [200,100,50 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)];the body weight and exhaustive swimming time of mice were determined,and biochemical process was used to determine the contents of hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen, and serum levels of BUN,LDH and CK in mice. The anti-fatigue effect of ATMP was investigated. In carrageenan-induced paw swelling experiment,40 rats were divided into normal control group (constant volume of normal saline),dexamethasone acetate group [5 mg/(kg·d)],ATMP high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [100,50,25 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)];the degree of paw swelling was recorded,and anti-inflammatory of ATMP was investigated. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the threshold of pain in mice were increased in ATMP 400,200,100 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)groups;the exhaus-tive swimming time of mice were prolonged significantly,and the contents of hepatic glycogen in mice were increased significant-ly,while serum contents of CK decreased in ATMP 200,100 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)groups;the content of muscle gly-cogen in mice was increased significantly in ATMP 200 mg (gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d) group,while serum contents of BUN and LDH were decreased;the degree of paw swelling in rats was decreased in ATMP 100,50,25 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d) groups,with statistical significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight of mice before and after medication. CONCLUSIONS:ATMP has significant analgesic and anti-fatigue effects on mice and anti-inflammatory effect on rats.
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BACKGROUND: Repetitive brief and non-lethal cerebral ischemia can produce cumulative neuronal damage and vascular dementia; however, precisely injured patterns and mechanisms are still unclear. Thalamus is an important structure of learning and memory; meanwhile, it is also one of the selectively vulnerable regions of cerebral ischemia.However, there are a few reports about neuronal damage induced by repetitive cerebral ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological damage and mechanism of neurons induced by repetitive cerebral ischemia in thalamus.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimental study.SETTING: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Animal Central Laboratory of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to December 1999. A total of 72 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, single cerebral ischemic group,repetitive cerebral ischemic group, MK-801 treatment group and saline group.METHODS: Transient global cerebral ischemia models of rats were established with modified Pulsinelli-4 vessel occluing method for single 15-minute ischemia and repetitive three 5-minute ischemia at hourly intervals,followed by 5 hours, 2 days and 4 days of survival. Rats in sham operation group were not treated with burning vertebral artery and clipping common carotid artery. 45Ca autoradiography and light microscopy were used to determine the calcium accumulation and neuronal pathological changes of thalamus following repetitive cerebral ischemia as compared with single cerebral ischemia. The effects of MK-801, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptor antagonist, were also examined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution and degree of calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus of rats in each group.RESULTS: Sham-operated rats revealed no abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus. At 5 hours following ischemia,slightly abnormal calcium accumulation was found in the partial thalamus of the repeated ischemic group, and the neuronal damage was also relatively severer than that in the single ischemic group (0.98±0.19, 0.60±0.14, P＞ 0.05). At 2 days after ischemia, obviously abnormal calcium accumula tion and neuronal damage were shown in thalamus, and the degree of calcium accumulation and score of neuronal damage in repeated ischemic group were significantly severer than that in single ischemic group (1.62±0.31, 0.88±0.21, P ＜ 0.01). At 4 days, the thalamus calcium accumulation and neuronal damage were further increased, and also that in repeated ischemic group was significantly severer than that in single ischemic group (1.80±0.21, 1.02±0.23, P ＜ 0.01), especially marked calcium accumulation and cumulative damage were shown in the ventral thalamus. MK-801 significantly relieved the abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus in repeated ischemic group, showing significant protection of thalamus neurons as compared with that in saline-treated group (0.20±0.12, 1.80±0.15, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Repetitive non-lethal cerebral ischemia results in an intense cumulative damage in the ventral thalamus, and the excitatory amino acid and Ca2+ may play a major role in it.
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[Objective]To find a better minimally invasive surgical operation in teenagers suffered from spontaneous hematopneumothorax caused by pulmonary bullae.[Methods]To analyse 86 cases of patients with pulmonary bullous through transaxilary minithoracotomy from February 2001 to February 2007.[Results]It was observed from 6 months to 6 years after operation with few recrudescence,more curative effects.[Conclusions]Compared with traditional methods,it was a perfect technique for its small traumatism,rapid resume,scarce syndrome and approving curative effect.
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Objective: To study La accumulation and microstructure change of leg bones of rats fed with La(NO 3) 3 in low dosage for a long term. Methods: After the rats were fed by La(NO 3) 3 in dosage of 2 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 6 months, the contents of La and Ca,P in the leg bones were determined by ICP MS and spectrophotometry; the microstructure changes of the leg bones were investigated by electron microscopy and X ray powder diffraction. Results: In the leg bones of tested rats, the contents of La and P increased greatly, and those of Ca did not change obviously, so that Ca/P ratio values decreased in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: La was accumulatied in the rat leg bones and the change of bone microstructure induced after the rats were fed with La(NO 3) 3 in low dosage for a long term.