Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Effective Components in Treating Alzheimer's Disease： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alzheimer's disease is a common central neurodegenerative disease， mainly manifested by cognitive impairment and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric symptoms that severely affect patients' daily life and behavioral functioning. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still unclear， and the western medicine currently used to treat Alzheimer's disease is only symptomatic， with a single pathway， limited efficacy， and many side effects. In recent years， with the deepening of research on Alzheimer's disease， the study and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have gradually increased. Several studies have shown that TCM and its effective components can exert anti-Alzheimer's disease effects by regulating molecular mechanisms such as pathological protein production and aggregation， oxidative stress， neuroinflammation， ferroptosis， mitochondrial dysfunction， neurogenesis and neurotransmission， and brain-gut axis. This paper summarized the research progress of TCM in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in recent years， so as to provide a reference for further study of the specific mechanism of TCM in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and the discovery of effective components of TCM.

Research Progress on Animal Modeling Methods and Model Evaluation of Spleen-yang Deficiency / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The paper was aimed to review the modeling methods of spleen-yang deficiency, which can be classified into imitating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) etiology methods and modern medicine methods. At present, methods of modeling were not generally accepted and the main presented problems were as follows. Modern medicine methods did not conformed to the rules of TCM etiology and pathogenesis. The evaluation of yang deficiency models was not accurate. Some modeling methods can lead to other diseases at the same time. The names of spleen deficiency model were not unified. It was difficult to distinguish the modeling methods of spleen-yang deficiency and spleen-qi deficiency, and etc. Model evaluation of spleen-yang deficiency was various. However, the domestic standard evaluation system had not been formed. The main model evaluation problems were as follows. Macro symptoms of the model lacked of objective and quantitative evaluation. It lacked of evaluation indexes of pulse and tongue with TCM characteristics. The disproof of prescription selection was not unified. Similar syndromes had not been ruled out. The microscopic indexes were fragmented, and etc. This paper reviewed on animal modeling methods of spleen-yang deficiency.

Clinical Randomized Controlled Research of Compound Qinbudan Recipe in Treating Multi-drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis of Deficiency of Both Qi and Yin / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of the compound Qinbudan recipe in treating multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB) of deficiency of both qi and yin. Methods A randomized controlled trial was carried out in 72 MDR-PTB cases, and the patients were divided into treatment group and control group, 36 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with the compound Qinbudan recipe while the control group was treated with Feitai capsules. After treatment for 3 months, the therapeutic effect, scores of traditional Chinese medical syndromes, and adverse reactions were compared in the two groups. Results ( 1) After treatment for 3 months, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 82.86%, and that of the control group was 25.81%, the difference being significant (P 0.05) . ( 4) Blood routine examination and hepatorenal function showed no disorders during the treatment. Gastrointestinal disturbance was not found either. Conclusion The compound Qinbudan recipe is effective in treating multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis of deficiency of both qi and yin, and has better effect on relieving shortness of breath, night sweating, spontaneous perspiration and cough with phlegm than Feitai capsules .

Analysis on Common Written Mistakes and Causes for Error of Inpatient Medical Records in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Medical record writing is a basic skill for clinicians. As to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) record, practice writing for a good record can help young TCM doctors to build up the thinking of diagnosing and treating diseases in the unique way of TCM. Being a TCM resident for six years, I find young TCM doctors do not pay enough attention to the medical record writing, producing many common mistakes in the record, which young doctors do not even realize that they are making mistakes everyday in their inpatient medical records. Main mistakes are as follows:the solar term of disease attack is appointed as the term of the day patients are hospitalized; in order to satisfy the disease and syndrome diagnosis, doctors would rather make up a fictitious symptom rather than using the patient’s real chief compliant; the history of the present illnesses are always written too short and ambiguous, which cannot reflect the whole course of the onset, development and changes of illness from its occurrence to the time that the pa-tient comes to the doctor;the presenting symptom is written as the name of the symptom, without descriptive details, which cannot reflect TCM characteristics;nearly all diseases are written as“illness with unknown cause”according to western medicine, ignoring TCM pathogenesis;patient's personal history is written similar to each other, and pa-tient's emotions, diet preference is missing, which should vary with each individual;the four diagnostic methods and TCM syndrome differentiation of the everyone’s illness are written all the same, generally according to the text-book; TCM treatment plan is not made according to TCM disease / syndrome diagnosis in the medical record. The main cause of these mistakes in the inpatient department of TCM hospital has been westernized too much by western medicine. Young TCM doctors can use as much of western medicine as they want;and they use more western medi-cine than TCM in the inpatient department, which weakens their TCM skills. Many TCM doctors in inpatient depart-ment do not focus on practicing TCM four diagnosis skills, such as tongue and pulse, and they do not know how to use the four diagnostics;and do not exactly know how to make a syndrome differentiation either. Thus, they diagnose and treat diseases with western medical thinking instead of considering TCM thinking. When writing a medical re-cord, they tend to copy TCM diagnosis according to textbooks instead, but do not make an authentic TCM diagnosis by themselves, lacking critical thinking skills for TCM. Furthermore, TCM record writing standards made by the Ministry of Health and TCM are defective in reflecting TCM characteristics, which has misguided many doctors. The last reason is that doctors tend to make false entries in medical records in anticipation of medical audits. There are still other outside pressures such as quick treatment of excess patients and liability, which cause errors above. TCM will bestamped outif attention is not paid to this.

Enhanced inhibition of murine prostatic carcinoma growth by immunization with or administration of viable human umbilical vein endothelial cells and CRM197

Vaccination with xenogeneic and syngeneic endothelial cells is effective for inhibiting tumor growth. Nontoxic diphtheria toxin (CRM197), as an immunogen or as a specific inhibitor of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, has shown promising antitumor activity. Therefore, immunization with or administration of viable human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) combined with CRM197 could have an enhanced antitumor effect. Six-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were vaccinated with viable HUVECs, 1 x 10(6) viable HUVECs combined with 100 μg CRM197, or 100 μg CRM197 alone by ip injections once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. RM-1 cells (5 x 10(5)) were inoculated by sc injection as a preventive procedure. During the therapeutic procedure, 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were challenged with 1 x 10(5) RM-1 cells, then injected sc with 1 x 10(6) viable HUVECs, 1 x 10(6) viable HUVECs + 100 μg CRM197, and 100 μg CRM197 alone twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Tumor volume and life span were monitored. We also investigated the effects of immunization with HUVECs on the aortic arch wall and on wound healing. Vaccination with or administration of viable HUVECs+CRM197 enhanced the inhibition of RM-1 prostatic carcinoma by 24 and 29 percent, respectively, and prolonged the life span for 3 and 4 days, respectively, compared with those of only vaccination or administration with viable HUVECs of tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, HUVEC immunization caused some damage to the aortic arch wall but did not have remarkable effects on the rate of wound healing; the wounds healed in approximately 13 days. Treatment with CRM197 in combination with viable HUVECs resulted in a marked enhancement of the antitumor effect in the preventive or therapeutic treatment for prostatic carcinoma in vivo, suggesting a novel combination for anti-cancer therapy.

Measurement of health-related quality of life in coronary heart disease: a review / 中西医结合学报

This paper introduces the development and application of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scales in research on coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently, the scales for CHD patients have been more systematically developed and widely used in foreign countries, while domestically in China, they are developed successfully but problematically; research in this field has started later and the scales introduced are limited and not suitable for the entire range of domestic CHD patients. Thus, this paper introduces 26 HRQOL scales in research on CHD, including five generic scales, ten disease-specific scales from abroad and eleven scales originating from China. With the deficiency of HRQOL scales, especially that in traditional Chinese medicine and specific scales, this paper analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in development of scales. The authors also provide solutions in order to help the development and application of scales in further studies.

Preliminary Study of the Mode of Typing According to Syndrome Differentiation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study general law of typing according to syndrome differentiation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method Based on large sample prospective Clinical Epidemiology investigation, symptoms, conditions of tongue, pulse according to TCM and pulmonary function, quality of life in 616 patients of COPD were collected. By means of Frequencies procedure, factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance in SPSS11.5, analyze the investigated data and lay difficient types of syndrome of COPD according to TCM. Meanwhile, explored distinct distribution and the relation between types of syndrome and pulmonary function, quality of life in patient5 with COPD. Result There were six types according to syndrome differentiation of COPD, deficiency of lung-qi, pathogenic wind-cold attacking lung, deficiency of pulmonosplenic both vital energy and yin, yin-deficiency of the lung and kidney, stagnation of phlegm and pathogenic fluid-reteneion in lung following splenic asthenia and stagnation of liver-qi, blood stasis-phlegm following deficiency of heart-yang and kidney-yang. There were multiple types of syndrome in COPD patients, the relation was detected between each type of syndrome and lung function, quality of life. Conclusion To draw assistance from clinical epidemiology and mathematical statistics method, the initial standard of differentiation of symptoms and signs to COPD was layed. The regularity of types of syndrome to COPD was detected. The result could be used in diagnosis of COPD, and the method could be communicated in the standardization research of syndrome differentiation.

Typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To study the general law of typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation. METHODS: We collected the symptoms, conditions of tongue and pulse in patients of bronchiectasis, using frequencies procedure, discriminant analysis and K-means cluster analysis in SPSS statistical software as research medium. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty three patients with bronchiectasis were studied. It suggested that accumulation of phlegm-heat in the lungs (45.65%), liver fire attacking the lungs (24.51%), asthenia of pulmonosplenic qi (22.38%), asthenia of both qi and yin (7.46%) were the main types. CONCLUSION: Clinical epidemiology provided scientific basis for further studying of the typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation. Building up differentiation of syndromes through differentiation and analysis of main symptoms can be used in clinical diagnosis.

Discussion about treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome based on syndrome differentiation / 中西医结合学报

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus. It belongs to the seasonal febrile diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The prevention and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) can be under the guidance of the doctrines for treating febrile diseases of traditional Chinese medicine, treatment based on syndrome differentiation, such as syndrome differentiation of triple energizer, syndrome differentiation according to defensive phase, qi phase, nutrient phase and blood phase. During April and May of 2003, 8 cases of SARS were diagnosed in Shanghai, and 6 patients accepted complementary therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, without death case. The only one patient who didn't take glucocorticoid therapy was complementarily treated with traditional Chinese herbs through the whole treating procedure. Upon the successful treatment of the eight cases of SARS in Shanghai, it is demonstrated that the triple-energizer syndrome differentiation and defensive-qi-nutrient-blood syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine are of high value in treating SARS patients.

Construction of cDNA library of the treated Changliver cell and quality analysis / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To construct cDNA library of the treated Changliver cell by switching mechanism at 5′ end of RNA transcript (SMART) technique and analyze its quality.Methods cDNA of Changliver cell was aquired with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and long-distance PCR (LD-PCR),then the cDNA library was constructed with SMART cDNA library construction kit.Results Through testing,the high quality cDNA library containing full length cDNA of Changliver cell had been constructed.The titer of the amplified cDNA library was 4.5 × 1010 pfu*ml-1 and the average exogenous inserts of the recombinants was 1.5 kb.Conclusion These results suggest that the Changliver cell cDNA library has a high quality and lays a solid foundation for researching on Changliver cell and screening

Identification and characterization of 177 unreported genes associated with liver regeneration / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

The mammalian liver has a very strong regeneration capacity after partial hepatectomy (PH). To further learn the genes participating in the liver regeneration (LR), 551 cDNAs selected from subtracted cDNA libraries of the regenerating rat liver were screened by microarray, and their expression profiles were studied by cluster and generalization analyses. Among them, 177 genes were identified unreported and up- or down-regulated more than twofold at one or more time points after PH, of which 62 genes were down-regulated to less than 0.5; 99 genes were up-regulated to 2-10 folds, and 16 genes were either up- or down-regulated at different time points during LR. By using BLAST and GENSCAN, these genes were located on responsible chromosomes with 131 genes on the long arms of the chromosomes. The cluster and generalization analyses showed that the gene expression profiles are similar in 2 and 4, 12 and 16, 96 and 144 h respectively after PH, suggesting that the actions of the genes expressed in the same profiles are similar, and those expressed in different profiles have less similarity. However, the types, characteristics and functions of the 177 genes remain to be further studied.