ABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the functional health literacy among adolescents of Model schools of Islamabad. To determine association between health literacy and health seeking behaviour of adolescents. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study
Material and Methods: Multi stage systematic sampling was done and a sample size of 350 using WHO sample size calculator. After taking informed consent from the students data were collected using the newest vital sign [NVS] for assessment of functional health literacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in Model schools of Islamabad, from Jan to Dec 2016
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 15 [SD +/- 0.6] years. There were 181 [52%] females and 169 [48%] males in the study. Out of 350 respondents 73 [20.9%] had very limited health literacy, while 187 [53.4%] had limited while 90 [25.7%] had adequate health literacy. In health seeking 30 students [8.6%] scored 1-2 on the health seeking behaviour score of 1-6 and therefore were categorized as having poor health seeking behaviour. While 164 students [46.9%] scored 3-4 and were categorized as having satisfactory health seeking. One hundred and fifty six students [44.6%] scored 4-5 and had good health seeking behavior
Conclusion: The health literacy among the adolescents was limited and had no association with health seeking behaviour
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the awareness about antimicrobial resistance [AMR] and the various aspects of AMR from a one health concept in relation to social determinants in residents of Wah. Study Design: Cross sectional-analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: One year from Jan to Dec 2017 in Wah, Pakistan
Material and Methods: A total of 400 participants completed the questionnaire, aged 16 years and older. A probability sampling technique was used and Chi-square test of significance was applied to determine the relationship between social variables with dependent variables, p-value <0.05 was taken as significant
Results: The phrase 'antibiotic resistance' was known to 52.5%, and 19.8% heard 'antimicrobial resistance'. The term least heard was 'superbugs' [9.5%]. The most cited source of information was 'doctor' followed by 'media.' Results showed that 67.3% believed that health of people is connected to the health of animals and environment, 62% agreed that collaborative efforts could achieve the best health of people and environment
Conclusion: The awareness related to the causes and spread of antimicrobial resistance came out to be quite low, and the outcomes were found to be associated with gender, age, education, occupation and socioeconomic status. Participants had many misconceptions about various aspects of antimicrobial resistance. Public awareness of AMR was low in all occupational groups, and the results show that high education level, high socioeconomic status, and healthcare-related occupation marked a higher level of knowledge about AMR awareness
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess level of awareness of expectant mothers about their birth preparedness and complication readiness [BPACR]
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at a Rural Health Center, Mandra over period of six months, from Sep 2016 to Feb 2017
Material and Methods: Three hundred and twenty pregnant women of rural area of residence in their third trimester [29-40 wks] were approached using non probability convenient sampling. They were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire after taking informed consent. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.02 +/- 6.403 years. All the 320 participants were from rural area of residence. The knowledge of elements of BPACR was highest [7 out of 8] in only 26 [8.1%] women followed by 6 elements in 47 [14.7%], 5 elements in 78 [24.4%], 4 elements in 83 [25.9%]. There was significant number of females who had poor knowledge of only 3 elements 69 [21.6%]. Overall 45% of pregnant women knew 5 or more elements were well prepared while 55% were less prepared regarding birth and related complications. Participants' education and husbands' monthly income was found to be significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness knowledge [p-value<0.05]
Conclusion: The majority of expectant mothers were well prepared for the birth and were also aware of the danger signs of pregnancy. Antenatal visits were taken by majority of the participants. However arrangements for transportation, financial support and blood donor identification were not satisfactory
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of contraceptive use among illiterate employed females and to determine the frequency and causes of unmet need of family planning
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi city from Jun to Nov 2015
Material and Methods: Three hundred and sixty six illiterate and employed married women in the reproductive age group were approached using non probability purposive sampling. They were interviewed by the researchers through a pretested questionnaire. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis
Results: Frequency of respondents using contraception was found to be 56%, 48.9% for the modern and 7.1% for traditional methods. Unmet need of contraception was 17.6%. The main causes of unmet need were unwillingness of husband and fear of side effect. Un met need was found to be significantly lower in the couples where spouses mutually discussed the family planning, where females were high earners, or where women were having their own business while no significant association of unmet need was found with family type
Conclusion: Although there is high unmet need of family planning and low contraceptive prevalence rate [CPR] among illiterate working women, having a paid job seems to improve female's control on family planning issues when compared to CPR of illiterate women in general