ABSTRACT
Background: Research is integral part of post graduate studies. Informed consent is a vital ethical and regulatory requirement for the conduct of biomedical research.Methods: Mixed methods study was carried out from July to August 2017. Cross sectional part constitute quantitative component and forced field analysis (FFA) forms qualitative part. Approval from the institutional ethical committee was obtained. Pre-designed, validated, structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 114 participants about knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding informed consent process. FFA was employed to understand driving and restrictive forces in obtaining informed consent from the research participants.Results: Out of the 114 study participants majority participants were males i.e. 69.3% and pursuing post-graduation in clinical subjects. There is significant association between knowledge (p=0.008), attitude (p=0.032) among postgraduates from clinical and nonclinical departments. Among clinical 51.7% and 48.3% among non-clinical have good knowledge and 67.7% among clinical and 32.3% among non-clinical have good practice. Main driving forces for informed consent process identified during FFP were ICMR guideline for biomedical research, feeling morally right to inform the participants about what the research. Main restrictive force was fear of losing the participant due to signing on informed consent.Conclusions: There is good knowledge among postgraduates about informed consent process however there is scope of improvement in attitude and practice. Ethics training should address how to build trust with research participants and how to overcome the fear of losing the study subject
ABSTRACT
Gall bladder dyskinesia is a clinical condition, refers to presence of biliary pain in absence of gallstones. Current evaluation and management of this condition is controversial. This article explores the current evidence available in the evaluation and treatment of such patients with emphasis on selection of patients who would benefit from cholecystectomy.
ABSTRACT
Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist which has been used frequently to reduce the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic surgery. It has become very popular drug for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting due to its superiority in-terms of efficacy as well as lack of side effects and drug interactions. Although cardiovascular adverse effects of this drug are rare, we found a case of symptomatic sinus bradycardia in a 43-year-old female patient, going for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, who developed the same after she was given intravenous ondansetron in operation theater during premedication. Hence, we report this case, as the rare possibility of encountering bradycardia effect after intravenous administration of ondansetron should be born in mind