Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent despite increased laboratory testing in New South Wales, Australia

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and toxicity, the frequency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) testing, and 25(OH)D variations with respect to patient gender, patient age and season in New South Wales, Australia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of pathology records was performed to ascertain patient age, patient gender, sample collection date, plasma or serum 25(OH)D levels, calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and test numbers between 2001 and 2010. Linear regression with Bonferroni correction was used to calculate and compare age-adjusted mean 25(OH)D levels. Relationships of 25(OH)D with PTH and calcium were tested using Spearman's rank correlation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>25(OH)D testing increased by 730% over the ten-year study period. In 2010, many men (33%) and women (40%) were, to some degree, vitamin D deficient (≤ 50 nmol/L). Vitamin D toxicity was rare, with only one instance noted. 25(OH)D levels correlated positively with calcium and negatively with PTH levels. 25(OH)D levels decreased with age. In 2010, 25(OH)D levels were highest in February and lowest in September/October. Cyclical variation was observed for 25(OH)D levels between 2006 and 2010.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We found that vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in both men and women, with a higher prevalence in the latter, despite the substantial increased demand for 25(OH)D testing in our population over the decade. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated PTH levels. Vitamin D toxicity was rare and only observed once during our study period. 25(OH)D levels decreased with age and varied with season, with the highest levels observed in late summer and the lowest in early spring.</p>

Some remarks on the microbiological contamination of the food hawking on the street in Thanh Hoa city 2007

Background: Quality, hygiene and food safety are the pressing questions that affects the public. Objectives: To discover some remarks on the microbiological contamination of food selling on the street in Thanh Hoa city and various suitable solutions in management and deployment. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional survey on the microbiological contamination of 310 different samples of food hawking on the street of 11 communes in Thanh Hoa province. Results:310 different samples were collected in Thanh Hoa city in 2007, we found micro biological contamination is still high, the highest rate was spring roll (76,7% contamined), lowest was food prepared from fish and other fish products (43,3%). Conclusion: The contamination rate varies with different organisms. The rate of food contaminated with 2 organisms was high (91.1%).To ensure the health of the public; it is necessary to have the measures to ensure that sellers provide the public with safe and hygienic food. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Chemical composition of essential oil of Shang. in Vietnam

Schefflera aff. crassibracteata is a shrub 6 high, leaflets 6-12. It is distributed in HoaBinh, NinhBinh, PhuKhanh provinces. The oil yield from leaves was 0.24% by air-dry material. The essential oil was analysed by HRGC and GC/MS, 61 constituents have been identified. Major components were: caryophyllen oxide (12.1%); -pinene (8.9%); -pinen (4.8%) and T-muurolol (4.7%).

Resources of herbal plants with aromatic oil at the biodiversity station of Ngoc Thanh commune, Me Linh district, Vinh Phuc province

After preliminary study we have collected 35 species bearing essential oil belong botanical families. The oil yield of 21 species, chemical composition of 7 species among them 6 species first time was studied in detail in Vietnam such as : Liquidambar formosana, Neolitsea sp., Clausena aff. excavata, Euodia lepta, Glucosmis pentaphylla, Zanthoxylum avicennia were determined

Chemical components of aromatic oil from branches with leaves and flower of com-ruou (glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.), Corr in Vietnam

Glycosmis pentaphylla is a shrub 4-5m high, leaflets 2-5, white flower, fruit around. It is distributed in edge of forest in North midland area of Vietnam. The oil yield was 0.3% from branch with leaves and flower by air-dry material. The essential oil of Glycosmis pentaphylla was analyzed by GC/MS, 88 constituents have been identified. Major constituents were: alpha-pipene (27.1%); beta-caryophyllene (10.3%); spathulenol (7.7%); caryophyllen oxid (7.3%) and aromadendren 6.4%.