Valeriane, a valuable herb for insomnia

Valeriane (Valeriana officinalis L.; Valerianaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant common in Europe, North America and North Asia. The medicinal properties of the valeriane have been recognized as far back as the early Greeks and Romans, and in medieval time it was used to treat a variety of ailments. Valerian has a direct sedative effect and interacts with neurotransmitters such as GABA. Now a day it is considered as a safe herbal choice for mild insomnia and has good tolerability. One of the potential advantages of valeriane over benzodiazepines (BZDs) is the lack of daylight sleepiness when used at recommended dosages (300 to 600mg in capsule form, taken 30 minutes to 2 hours before bedtime). It also may be helpful in weaning patients with insomnia due to BZDs.

Chlamydia pneumonia, infectious hypothesis of arteriosclerosis and antibiotic therapy

The disadvantage factors related with arteriosclerosis including less moving, obesity, alcohol and smoking. Recently, there has been a "nonlipid" factor of cardiovascular disease - chlamydia pneumonia infection. In order to prevent from late complication of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease due to the chlamydia pneumonia, it should use macrolid, tetracycline and quinolon in case of chlamydia pneumonia infection. The Beta-latamine has no effect on chlamydia pneumonia infection

Effect of artemisinin in treatment of breast cancer

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpen lacton, is an active ingredient of the sweet wormwood plant. It is used mostly for malaria. It can kill the cancer cell by following mechanism: endoperoxyd junction of artemisinin degrades haem (containing Fe), after reaction, new generated free radicals akylate and oxygenate protein and lipid, deteriorate macromolecular and kill the parasite without significant adverse effects. Administration of artemisinin derivatives with acceptable dosage and combination with a iron salt can produce potent effect on cancer, especially on breast cancer.

Squalen - a nutritional component against cancer

Squalen, a compound detected in olive oil, had an activity against coloileal cancer due to azoxymethan in rats and lung cancer due to nitrosamin in mice. Squalen is a mediate substance in biosynthesis of mevaloat/cholesterol. Squalen is synthetised by catalysis squalen syntherase but it inhibits this enzyme which lead the reverse inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase to reduce the first stage of cholesterol synthesis. The more important outcome was that squalen inhibits protein transferees, which is an enzyme that is necessary for farnesrylization of rasprotein causing cancer

Bayer voluntarily withdraws cerivastatin

The side effects of cerivastatin on the skeletal muscle include muscle pain, muscle weakness accompanying with the increased creatinin - kinase rarely malignant hypermyoglobin uric leading the secondary renal failure. The Bayer pharmaceutical Company withdrawed all dosage form of cerivastatin in England and America in the 8th and 9th August 2001.

Drug information: Adverse Drug Reactions

At a low dosage of Aspirin (75-325 mg/day) can cause the severe gatro-intestinal bleeding. The adverse reactions of the path of scopolamine are dry mouth, drowsiness, temporarily vision imparement. Fluoroquinolon interacts adversely with mefloquin and many anti-malarial agents. Natrithiosulphate can be used as prophylaxis of hearing loss due to the use of carboplatin for brain cancer. Benzodiazepine is contraindicated in pregnant women and breast feeding because of hypobody temperature, hypertension, respiratory failure in children. Midazolam causes confusion, mania, unsuitability, anxiety, hinding. It is not proven that the use of corticoid during pregnancy and breast feeding whether cause defect in newborn or not. The loss of memory is most frequent when using dexfenfluramine. Some drugs made in Canada related with lasting the QT interval and tosade depoint. The proton-pumping inhibitors cause the hematologic disorder.

Fatty acid and cardiovascular diseases

Saturated fatty acids increase LDL - cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and total cholesterol. The olive, corn, soybean oils and fish fat, duck fat are good for health. The pig, chicken fat and butter should be moderately eaten. It should be consumed fairly fish fat and vegetable oil in order to regulate the omega 6 and omega 3.

Report of adverse drug reactions

Fluoroquilone induces tendinitis, tendinitis-synovitis and/or tendinous split (ciprofloxacine: 55 cases; norfloxacine: 4 cases; enoxacine: 1 case) contact dermatitis due to pro-Dafalgan drops in skin of health staffs during taking the drug. Meloxicam induces sinitis, cough, bronchial spasm, pain and pharyngitis. It should be taken care of risks of acute renal failure when using the immunoglobulines (acute renal functional insufficiency: 80 cases; death: 17 cases; severe depatitis with cell necrosis: 6 cases after using acarbofe within 2 - 8 months). Interferon induces depression (169 cases) and suicide (54 cases). Heparin reduces the aldosterone excretion

Pharmacovigilance

Use of more than 2,500 IU of vitamine A/day during pregnancy can induce the defect in newborn. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends pregnant women should be taken care in using the azole for antifugus. The accidents after a day or a year (lastest) of using omeprazole: 51 elderly patients suffered acute interstinal nephritis with increased eosinophil. Mefloquin can cause neurological and psychological reactions. Clarithromycin can cause change of teeth colour. Hepatitis B- antivirus can cause accidents of joint- muscle. Triamcinolone induces hallucination in 8 cases.

Diet for type II diabetes

The very low calory diet reduces rapidly the body weight. During the first days and weeks, the glycemia can be reduced significantly but it increases after the stable body weight. In contrary the moderate calory diet can reduces the sustainable glycemia. Nowadays, the professional medical associations suggests the application of this diet for overweight patients with the diabetes. The diet of glucide unsaturated fatty acid with one of double link was introduced for these patients

Current data on macrolides and future prospects

This study introduced Macrolid antibiotic class including effects, classification, pharmacokinetics, indication of treatment, and future prospects

How to correct think about NSAIDs

Studies during 1970-1980 reported that 40% patients used the NAIDs suffered the gastrointestinal complication, commonly upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia; heart-burn and sour at least one time in the first week of drug administration occurred in 29% patients. About a haft million patients suffered the severe complications, even death due to the gastrointestinal toxicity of the drug. The discovering 2 subclasses of the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX and COX1 and new NSAIDs that have selective activity on the COX2 helped reducing significantly side effects of these valuable drugs. However any drug is always considered double way knife.

Nutritional therapy in chronic renal failure

The selective low protein dietary in treatment of chronic renal failure aims at objectives in cluding reduction of symptom of hyperuremia and protection of function of rest normal kidney. However, the limitation of daily protein need will lead to lack of essential aminoacide. Use of ketoacid corresponding with aminoacid reduces the nitrogen supply, prevents the bad progress of chronic renal failure and limits the excessive filtration of glomerular, hyperphosphatemia and secondary increased para- thyroid function.