ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder characterized by repeated emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms before menstruation, and the exact cause and mechanism are uncertain. Hyperprolactinemia interferes with the normal production of estrogen and progesterone, leading to PMS symptoms. Thus, we judged that the inhibition of prolactin hypersecretion could mitigate PMS symptoms.MATERIALS/METHODS: Hordeum vulgare L. extract (HVE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract (CZE), and Lomens-P0 the mixture of these extracts were tested in subsequent experiments. The effect of extracts on prolactin secretion at the in vitro level was measured in GH3 cells. Nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediator expression were measured in RAW 264.7 cells to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the hyperprolactinemic Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice model was used to measure extract effects on prolactin and hormone secretion and uterine inflammation. @*RESULTS@#Anti-inflammatory effects of and prolactin secretion suppress by HVE and CZE were confirmed through in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). Treatment with Lomens-P0 inhibited prolactin secretion (P < 0.05) and restored normal sex hormone secretion in the hyperprolactinemia mice model. In addition, extracts significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-1β, and -6, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.01). We used high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to identify tricin and chlorogenic acid as the respective components of HVE and CZE that inhibit prolactin secretion. The Lomens-P0, which includes tricin and chlorogenic acid, is expected to be effective in improving PMS symptoms in the human body. @*CONCLUSIONS@#The Lomens-P0 suppressed the prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia mice, normalized the sex hormone imbalance, and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers in uterine tissue. This study suggests that Lomens-P0 may have the potential to prevent or remedy materials to PMS symptoms.
ABSTRACT
The short release half-life of carbon monoxide (CO) is a major obstacle to the effective therapeutic use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). The potential of CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes (CORM-2-UDLs) to enhance the release half-life of CO and alleviate skin inflammation was investigated in the present study. CORM-2-UDLs were prepared by using soy phosphatidylcholine to form lipid bilayers and Tween 80 as an edge activator. The deformability of CORM-2-UDLs was measured and compared with that of conventional liposomes by passing formulations through a filter device at a constant pressure. The release profile of CO from CORM-2-UDLs was evaluated by myoglobin assay.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: New computer-guided scanner (CGS) recently applied to CO2 laser micromanipulator allows the beam to sweep a given surface with extreme rapidity. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of CO2 laser-assisted phonomicrosurgery using a CGS in broad-based vocal polyp. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The current study enrolled 41 patients who underwent phonomicrosurgery for broad base polyp of vocal fold. Twenty patients underwent CO2 laser-assisted phonomicrosurgery using CGS (Group 1), and 21 patients underwent conventional phonomicrosurgery using cold instruments (Group 2). RESULTS: All voice analysis parameters showed significant improvement after surgical treatment, except fundamental frequency and noise-to-harmonic ratio. Differences between preoperative and postoperative parameters of each voice analysis data did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although no significant difference was observed between the two groups, CO2 laser-assisted phonomicrosurgery using CGS allow for performance of more accurate and delicate incision with a controllable depth of beam penetration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cryosurgery , Lasers, Gas , Polyps , Vocal Cords , VoiceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The harmonic scalpel using the ultrasonic energy is able to grasp and divide tissue while sealing small vessels in narrow operating fields. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of the harmonic scalpel in thyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed for 247 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. According to the use of harmonic Scalpel, the patients could be divided into two groups: the conventional technique (CT) group of knot tying and the harmonic scalpel (HS) group. RESULTS: For hemithyroidectomy, operation time and hospital stay were shorter in the HS group compared with the CT group (p<0.05). For total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND), operation time, total drainage volume, drain removal date, and hospital stay were significantly reduced in the HS group (p<0.05). Among the patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with CND with the HS, one patient (2.9%) showed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Transient hypoparathyroidism showed significantly lower incidence in the HS group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: HS might be cost-effective by reducing operation time and hospital stay without increased postoperative complications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drainage , Hand Strength , Hypoparathyroidism , Incidence , Length of Stay , Neck Dissection , Postoperative Complications , Thyroid Gland , Thyroidectomy , Ultrasonics , Vocal Cord ParalysisABSTRACT
Severe acute lung injury (ALI), leading to respiratory failure caused by H1N1 infection, developed in a 34-year-old man during a work-up for non-small cell lung cancer. Although he fully recovered through instant treatment with oseltamivir, mechanical ventilation was required again, 7 days later, due to subsequent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Finally, his condition improved and he was able to move out of the intensive care unit. However, multiple pulmonary metastatic nodules appeared over a period of one month, suggesting the aggressive nature of lung cancer. Although he was discharged after chemotherapy, his prognosis seemed poor, considering the rapidity of growth of the lung cancer. It is important to recognize that DAH can occur after acute lung injury caused by influenza virus.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Acute Lung Injury , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Hemorrhage , Influenza, Human , Intensive Care Units , Lung Neoplasms , Orthomyxoviridae , Oseltamivir , Prognosis , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory InsufficiencyABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Obstruction , Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Superior Mesenteric Artery SyndromeABSTRACT
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare but unique malignancy of the major salivary glands. The incidence of lymphoepithelial carcinoma is 0.4-1.4% of the major salivary malignant neoplasms. According to several serologic, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization studies, lymphoepithelial carcinoma is strongly associated with Ebstein-Barr virus infection. We present three cases of lymphoepithelial carcinoma associated Ebstein-Barr virus in the parotid gland, which was first presented with a painless and gradually enlarging infraauricular mass. We reoport on the clinical investigation, cytologic, histopathologic features and proper management. Along with a review of literature.
Subject(s)
In Situ Hybridization , Incidence , Parotid Gland , Salivary Glands , VirusesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are classified into positional patients with supine apneahypopnea index (AHI) that is at least twice as high as the non-supine AHI, and non-positional patients with a supine AHI that does not reach double values of the non-supine AHI. We determined the prevalence of positional sleep apnea and compared clinical characteristics between positional and non-positional OSA patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary rhinologic referral center. We evaluated 113 patients whose AHI were over 5 and whose sleep time of supine, nonsupine position were over 15 minutes as a result of overnight polysomnography taken from January 2007 to July 2008. The body position of patients was confirmed with sleep position sensor and direct observation. RESULTS: Positional sleep apnea was seen in 14/22 (63.64%) with mild sleep apnea (AHI, 5 to 15/h), 16/36 (44.44%) with moderate sleep apnea (AHI, 15 to 30/h), 14/55 (25.45%) with severe sleep apnea (AHI, > or =30/h) and over all prevalence of positional sleep apnea in this study is 38.9%. The severity of OSA, weight, waist and waist to hip ratio (WHR) is related to the positional tendency. CONCLUSION: The result of this study revealed that positional sleep apnea was more common in patients with mild OSA and the positional tendency of OSA patients was affected by central obesity
Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Korea , Obesity, Abdominal , Polysomnography , Prevalence , Referral and Consultation , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Waist-Hip RatioABSTRACT
Intravascular extension of malignancy is rare. Some cases of this have been reported, and these have mostly been seen in cases of lung cancer with extension into the pulmonary vein and left atrium. This is the first case of tumor involvement from the right atrium through the SVC to the azygous vein of the diaphragm level and all this was clearly visualized on 18FDG-PET/CT. A 68-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of SVC syndrome. Chest CT showed that the SVC was near completely obstructed by extension of tumor that had first invaded the thoracic spine and azygous vein. Multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were also noted. The pathologic examination of the biopsied tissues made the diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The high metabolic activity within a thrombus on 18FDG-PET/CT has been suggested to indicate tumor thrombus because a blood thrombus typically shows lower metabolic activity that's caused by incorporated fibroblasts and endothelial cells within the thrombus (1). However, because some reports demonstrated that a high FDG uptake could also occur in a blood thrombus (2), the exact differentiation of the two by 18FDG-PET/CT seems to be difficult.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Diaphragm , Endothelial Cells , Fibroblasts , Heart Atria , Lung Neoplasms , Lymph Nodes , Positron-Emission Tomography , Pulmonary Veins , Spine , Thorax , Thrombosis , VeinsABSTRACT
An intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) rarely develops in systemic cancer but is indicative of a poor prognosis. A 56-year-old man was admitted due to weakness of the lower extremities. He had received radiotherapy 3 months prior for a brain metastasis that had developed 1 year after achieving a complete response from chemotherapy for extended stage small cell lung cancer. Although the brain lesion had improved partially, ISCM from the cervical to lumbar-sacral spinal cords, which was accompanied by a leptomeningeal dissemination, was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Finally, he died of sudden cardiac arrest during treatment. This is the first case of ISCM involving the whole spinal segments. Physicians should be aware of the subsequent development of ISCM in lung cancer patients with a previously known brain metastasis who present with new neurological symptoms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Brain , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Lower Extremity , Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prognosis , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Spinal Cord , SpineABSTRACT
Schwannoma is a benign, slowly growing nerve sheath tumor which can arise from any peripheral nerve containing schwann cells. The olfactory and optic nerves, the extentions of the central nerve system, are encased by glial cells and they lack of schwann cells. They do not give rise to schwannomas in the head and neck area. Therefore, it is generally known that schwannomas seldom occur in the nasal cavity occupied by the olfactory nerve. We have experienced a tumor that developed in the upper nasal cavity including the olfactory cleft and ethmoid sinus. Based on the location of tumor development, we initially diagnosed it as an olfactory neuroblastoma, and its biopsy results reported the tumor to be a schwannoma in the nasal cavity. The tumor was completely removed through craniofacial resection. We herein report a case of an olfactory schwannoma with a brief review of the literature in order to alert other clinicians to this rare tumor to expedite appropriate management.
Subject(s)
Biopsy , Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory , Ethmoid Sinus , Head , Nasal Cavity , Neck , Neurilemmoma , Neuroglia , Olfactory Nerve , Optic Nerve , Peripheral Nerves , Schwann CellsABSTRACT
Actinomycosis is an indolent infectious disease characterized by pyogenic response and necrosis, followed by intense fibrosis. The main forms of human actinomycosis are cervicofacial, pulmonary, and abdominopelvic type. Pulmonary actinomycosis accounts for 15% to 20% of total cases and unfortunately, clinical manifestations and radiologic findings are nonspecific. Small pleural effusion or empyema may develop in advanced disease but massive empyema is infrequent and rarely reported. We report a case of huge empyema caused by pulmonary actinomycosis in a 55 year-old man, presented with one-month history of productive cough and fever. The CT scan revealed a huge cavity with air-fluid level occupying the left hemithorax. Empyema caused by actinomycosis was confirmed microscopically by demonstration of sulfur granules in empyema sac through thracotomy. Decortication and surgical resection of empyema sac and destructed lung was accomplished and followed by intravenous infusion of penicillin G.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Actinomycosis , Communicable Diseases , Cough , Empyema , Fever , Fibrosis , Infusions, Intravenous , Lung , Necrosis , Penicillin G , Pleural Effusion , Sulfur , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Angioleiomyoma is a solitary form of leiomyoma that usually occurs in the subcutis and is composed of numerous thick-walled vessels. It occurs more frequently in women and preferentially on the extremities, particularly the lower leg. The tumor is usually painful and tender. We report a rare case of asymptomatic angioleiomyoma occurring on the lower lip.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Angiomyoma , Extremities , Leg , Leiomyoma , LipABSTRACT
Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (FCH) is a recently recognized adnexal tumor and is composed of follicular, sebaceous and mesenchymal elements such as small vessels, adipocytes and neural component in the fibrous stroma. It usually presents as an exophytic papule or nodule on the central part of the face. We describe a 39-year-old woman with FCH on the right upper back, which is an unusual site. A biopsy specimen demonstrated a follicular structure in infundibuiar nature, sebaceous lobules attached to it, and compactly laminated fibrous stroma with an increased number of vessels in it. Immunohistochemically, many of the vessels in the stroma showed positive reaction for CD34, and Factor VIII.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Adipocytes , Biopsy , Factor VIII , HamartomaABSTRACT
A halo nevus is a pigmented nevus surrounded by a depigmented zone. It usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. Depigmented zone may form around a variety of acquired melanocytic lesions of neuroectodermal origin, including nevocellular nevi, blue nevi, spindle and epithelioid nevi, primary and metastatic melanomas, and neurofibromas. The occurrence of a halo around congenital melanocytic nevi has rarely been reported. We report a case of halo congenital nevus in a 11-year-old girl.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Melanoma , Neural Plate , Neurofibroma , Nevus , Nevus, Blue , Nevus, Halo , Nevus, PigmentedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: MART-1(melanoma antigen recognized by T cell) is a well-known marker for malignant melanoma. Its immunoreactivity is also expressed in other melanocytic lineage. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to evaluate the usefulness of MART-1 in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. METHODS: MART-1 immunostaining was performed in 26 cases of malignant melanoma and 12 cases of benign melanocytic nevi. HMB-45 immunostaining was performed in 26 cases of malignant melanoma. RESULTS: 1. Eighteen of 26 melanomas(69%) and 10 of 12 benign melanocytic nevi(83%) showed reactivity with MART-1. 2. HMB-45 showed a higher sensitivity(85%) than that of MART-1 in the staining of malignant melanoma. 3. Two of 5 HMB-45-negative melanomas were immunoreactive with MART-1, and 2 of 7 MART-1-negative melanomas were reactive with HMB-45. CONCLUSION:MART-1 immunostaining is not helpful to differentiate malignant melanoma from benign melanocytic nevi. MART-1 was immunoreactive to some cases of HMB-45 negative malignant melanoma. MART-1, together with S-100 protein and HMB-45, is another useful marker of malignant melanoma.
Subject(s)
Diagnosis , Melanoma , Nevus, Pigmented , S100 ProteinsABSTRACT
Secretory carcinoma is one of the least common forms of breast cancer and demonstrates distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics. We herein report a case of secretory carcinoma of the breast in 3 year and 1 month-old girl. At presentation, the patient had a 2.5cm sized mass on her left breast which was firmly attached to the overlying nipple. The aspiration cytologic findings of the tumor were consistent with a secretory carcinoma. After confirming malignancy by frozen section diagnosis, a modified radical mastectomy was performed and secretory carcinoma was finally diagnosed. To our knowledge, secretory breast carcinoma in children has not been reported previously in Korea and this seems to be the youngest case of secretory carcinoma of the breast which had been reported in English literature.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Diagnosis , Frozen Sections , Korea , Mastectomy, Modified Radical , NipplesABSTRACT
Secretory carcinoma is one of the least common forms of breast cancer and demonstrates distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics. We herein report a case of secretory carcinoma of the breast in 3 year and 1 month-old girl. At presentation, the patient had a 2.5cm sized mass on her left breast which was firmly attached to the overlying nipple. The aspiration cytologic findings of the tumor were consistent with a secretory carcinoma. After confirming malignancy by frozen section diagnosis, a modified radical mastectomy was performed and secretory carcinoma was finally diagnosed. To our knowledge, secretory breast carcinoma in children has not been reported previously in Korea and this seems to be the youngest case of secretory carcinoma of the breast which had been reported in English literature.