Study on Range of Head and Cervical Motions in Young Korean Adults / 체질인류학회지

It is not easy and simple to evaluate of the range of motion (ROM) of the head and neck, although it is important clinically. This study was performed to evaluated ROM of the head and neck in eighty young korean adults (50 men and 30 women). Both side rotations, flexion, extension and lateral bending were measured, and especially side rotation was performed with cases, natural and forced rotation. And the sitting habit of most subjects (48 men and 28 women) in classroom or theater were studied with questionnaire. Natural rotation in men was larger in right than left side (left : right=51.1.degrees: 53.9.degrees). Forced rotation was not significant between right and left sides in men and women, and between men and women (left : right=77.6.degrees: 76.8.degreesin men; left : right=77.4.degrees: 76.2.degrees in women). Flexion was larger in men (65.7.degrees) than women (58.9.degrees). The rage of the extension were 84.3.degrees and 80.0.degrees in men and women. Right lateral bending was larger in men than women (42.1.degrees and 38.6.degrees). The subjects dominant in the left or right rotation preferred to center of classroom generally (72.7% and 81.2%). In case that the subjects must select the one side between left and right, the subjects dominant in left rotation preferred to sit to the right (57.6%), and the subjects dominant in right rotation preferred to sit to the left (53.5%). This results suggested that this data might be the basis of ROM of the head and neck in young korean adults.

Radiologic Findings of Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Ovary

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic features of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The radiologic findings of eight patients with pathologically-proven endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary wereretrospectively evaluated for bilaterality, size, margin, architecture, septa, local invasion, distant metastasis,ascites and lymphadenopathy ; serum alpha-FP was also evaluated. RESULTS: All endodermal sinus tumors were unilateralwith irregular septa and ascites ; the longest diameter was 7-18(mean, 12.6)cm. Four of eight tumors had smoothmargins and four, lobulated. Four were predominantly cystic in internal architecture, one was purely cystic, andthree were predominantly solid. There was local invasion or distant metastasis in three patients, andretroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in one ; in seven cases, alpha-FP level was more than 1.000ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Endodermal sinus tumors of the ovary appeared as nonspecific large complex abdominal masses and it was difficultto differentiate them from other malignant ovarian tumors. This tumor should be included in the differentialdiagnosis of a large complex abdominal mass in girls and young women, especially in patients with a predominantlycystic mass and markedly elevated serum alpha-FP.

CT Findings of Endometrioma: Differential Points from Other Benign Complex Cystic Adnexal Masses

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether CT scanning is useful in differentiating the between endometriomas and other benign complex cystic adnexal masses, and in determining the method of treatment for each mass lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 54 cases (47 patients), we retrospectively analysed the CT findings of 20 pathologically-proven twenty endometriomas (bilateral in four cases), eight hemorrhagic functional cysts, two tubal ectopic pregnancies, eight tubo-ovarian abscesses (bilateral in two cases), ten serous cystadenomas (bilateral in one case), and six mucinous cystadenomas. Internal attenuation, the hyperdense portion, adhesion, and cul-de-sac obliteration were evaluated by CT scanning. RESULTS: Fourteen endometriomas (70%) showed a hyperdense portion, and in only two of these (10%), was a focal nodular hyperdense portion seen on pre-contrast CT scan (10% sensitivity, 100% specificity). Partial or complete cul-de-sac obliteration was identified in 11 patients (75%), while hemorrhagic functional cysts showed a hyperdense portion in four cases (50%) and were accompanied by partial cul-de-sac obliteration in two (25%). Two unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancies showed CT findings of unilateral hyperdense cystic masses of more than 60 HU. In all cases, tubo-ovarian abscesses were accompanied by thickening of the uterosacral ligament and deviation of thickened mesosalpinx (anterior deviation in 87.5% of patients). Serous and mucinous cystadenomas showed CT findings of hypodense masses (less than 20 HU) without adhesion or cul-de-sac obliteration, and this was helpful in differentiating cystadenomas from other benign cystic adnexal masses, including endometriomas. CONCLUSION: The evaluation by CT scanning of benign complex cystic adnexal masses with respect to the hyperdense portion and the presence or absence of cul-de-sac obliteration was usful in differentiating endometriomas from other lesions, and might be helpful in determining the method of treatment for each mass lesion.