ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) modulates immune responses by affecting T cells. Several studies have revealed that allergic inflammation of the lower airways is negatively associated with the vitamin A concentration. However, the role of ATRA in allergic inflammation of the upper airways is unclear. We investigated the effects of ATRA in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. METHODS: BALB/c mice except control groups (CON group) were sensitized with and challenged intra-nasally with Dermatophagoides farina (AR group). The ATRA groups were administered ATRA intraperitoneally. The steroid groups were administered steroid intranasally (ST group). Allergic symptoms and the average eosinophil number were counted. Cytokines and transcription factors were measured by Real-Time PCR and Western blotting. Der f-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured. Flow cytometry results of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells were analyzed. RESULTS: The symptom scores were lower in the ATRA group than in the AR group and higher than in the CON group. The levels of IgE were lower in the ATRA group than in the AR group and higher than in the CON and ST groups. The levels of Foxp3, TGF-beta, and IL-10 mRNA, as well as the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, were higher in the ATRA group than in theAR group. In the ATRA group the levels of IFN-gamma mRNA were higher, and the levels of GATA-3 and IL-4 mRNA, and ROR-gammat were lower. In Western blotting analyses, the expression patterns of all factors, except Foxp3, showed similar to those of mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: ATRA has anti-allergic effects in an allergic rhinitis model, and its underlying mechanisms mainly include the induction of regulatory T cells and the inhibition of Th2 responses.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blotting, Western , Cytokines , Eosinophils , Flow Cytometry , Immunoglobulin E , Immunoglobulins , Inflammation , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-4 , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 , Pyroglyphidae , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rhinitis , RNA, Messenger , T-Lymphocytes , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Th17 Cells , Th2 Cells , Transcription Factors , Transforming Growth Factor beta , Tretinoin , Vitamin AABSTRACT
Verruca vulgaris in the nasal cavity is derived from the stratified squamous epithelium. It is commonly seen in the nasal vestibule and characterized by exophytic proliferation and extensive surface keratinization. Recently, we observed a case of verruca vulgaris occupying the right maxillary sinus coexisting with an inverted papilloma in the nasal cavity. Two separate masses in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus were removed by endoscopic surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of verruca vulgaris involving the maxillary sinus coexisting with an inverted papilloma in the nasal cavity.
Subject(s)
Epithelium , Keratins , Maxillary Sinus , Nasal Cavity , Papilloma, Inverted , WartsABSTRACT
Semicircular canal dehiscence is a rare but well-described condition to be induced noise or straining. Patients with Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) present with a wide variety of symptoms. Reported case is a 51-year-old woman who presented with intermittent vertigo and left-side aural fullness for one month after traffic accident. To establish the diagnosis, high resolution temporal bone CT scanning has been performed to demonstrate bone defect overlying superior semicircular canal, and vestibular auditory symptoms and signs are evaluated through vestibular function test and auditory examination. Cognitive behavior therapy, vestibular rehabilitation and vestibular suppressants are prescribed. Auditory symptoms and vertigo have been subsided. At the same time, Presented depression and anxiety have been improved after 3 month treatment and the quality of life of patient has been improved.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Anxiety , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Depression , Noise , Quality of Life , Semicircular Canals , Sprains and Strains , Temporal Bone , Vertigo , Vestibular Function TestsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of head and neck cancer patients with surgical removal may result in some degree of dysphagia. Swallowing disorders depend on the site, the extent of surgical resection, and the nature of the surgical reconstruction. As a result, rehabilitation needs to be managed by head and neck surgeons with specific anatomical knowledge. However, in Korea, only occupational therapists can get approval for dysphagia rehabilitation from the national health insurance cooperation. Therefore, we designed a Advanced Rehabilitation Protocol (ARP) rehabilitation and carried out a comparative study against the current rehabilitation protocol. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Data were collected by reviewing medical records of 40 patients who received operation on oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx from November 2007 to January 2009. Of these, 20 patients were treated with ARP under the management of head and neck surgeons but the other 20 patients were not. RESULTS: Although the results had no statistical significance, the study showed that ARP had the effect of shortening the rehabilitation and enabled them to start adjuvant therapies early. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation needs to be managed cooperatively by a multidisciplinary team that includes an otolaryngologist who has specific anatomical knowledge of the concerned area and reconstruction according to specific swallowing problems.