ABSTRACT
In cases of hyperkalemia with preserved renal function, the differential diagnoses that should be considered are drug-related disorders, primary tubular disease, and hormonal diseases including primary adrenal insufficiency. Addison's disease represents a rare disorder characterized by primary adrenal failure, general weakness, poor appetite, nausea, dizziness, and hyperpigmentation. It may also cause fatal adrenal crisis, involving hypotension, loss of consciousness, hyperkalemia, or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis under stressful conditions. We describe herein the case of a 54-year-old Korean male who developed Addison's disease, due to adrenal tuberculosis, in addition to painless thyroiditis, which led to hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Addison Disease , Appetite , Diagnosis, Differential , Dizziness , Hyperkalemia , Hyperpigmentation , Hyperthyroidism , Hypotension , Nausea , Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic , Thyroid Gland , Thyroiditis , Tuberculosis , UnconsciousnessABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies demonstrated apolipoprotein B (apoB), a protein mainly located in LDL-C, was an independent predictor of the development of CVD especially in patients with T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between apoB and MetS in T2DM patients. METHODS: We analyzed 912 patients with T2DM. Fasting blood samples were taken for glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, and apoB. MetS was defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We performed a hierarchical regression analysis with apoB as the dependent variable. Age, sex, the number of components of MetS and LDL-C were entered at model 1, the use of lipid-lowering medications at model 2, and the individual components of MetS were added at model 3. RESULTS: Seventy percent of total subjects had MetS. ApoB level was higher in subjects with than those without MetS (104.5+/-53.3 mg/dL vs. 87.7+/-33.7 mg/dL, P<0.01) even after adjusting for LDL-C. ApoB and LDL-C were positively correlated to the number of MetS components. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that the increasing number of MetS components was associated with higher level of apoB at step 1 and step 2 (beta=0.120, P<0.001 and beta=0.110, P<0.001, respectively). At step 3, TG (beta=0.116, P<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (beta=0.099, P<0.05) were found to significantly contribute to apoB. CONCLUSION: In patients with T2DM, apoB is significantly related to MetS independently of LDL-C level. Of the components of MetS, TG, and systolic blood pressure appeared to be determinants of apoB.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Apolipoproteins B , Apolipoproteins , Blood Pressure , C-Reactive Protein , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDL , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Education , Fasting , Glycated Hemoglobin , Risk Factors , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Graves' disease following subacute thyroiditis is uncommon. Some patients in these cases showed positive for thyroid antibody only transiently in the resolving phase. However, Graves' disease can rarely be caused by the presence of antibodies after subacute thyroiditis, although the pathophysiology of this is unclear. A 40-year-old woman presented with anterior neck pain and swallowing difficulty. Thyroid function testing showed reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine levels. A thyroid scan revealed decreased uptake in the bilateral thyroid gland. The patient was initially diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis and treated with steroids. Five months later, thyroid function testing showed recurrent hyperthyroidism with positive conversion of TSH receptor antibody, indicating Graves' disease. Since then, she needed the long-term methimazole treatment. In summary, we herein report a case of Graves' disease occurring after subacute thyroiditis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Antibodies , Deglutition , Graves Disease , Hyperthyroidism , Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating , Methimazole , Neck Pain , Receptors, Thyrotropin , Steroids , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyroid Gland , Thyroiditis, Subacute , Thyrotropin , ThyroxineABSTRACT
Plasmacytomas are extramedullary accumulations of plasma cells originating from soft tissue. Mediastinal plasmacytoma is a rare presentation. A 67-year-old man recovered after antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. However, on convalescent chest radiography after 3 months, mass like lesion at the right lower lung field was newly detected. Follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an increase in the extent of the right posterior mediastinal mass that we had considered to be pneumonic consolidations on previous CT scans. Through percutaneous needle biopsy, we diagnosed IgG kappa type extramedullary plasmacytoma of the posterior mediastinum.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Biopsy, Needle , Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary , Immunoglobulin G , Lung , Mediastinum , Plasma Cells , Plasmacytoma , Pneumonia , Radiography , Thorax , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that usually presents as a diffuse, nontender goiter, whereas subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an uncommon disease that is characterized by tender thyroid enlargement, transient thyrotoxicosis, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Very rarely, patients with HT can present with painful, tender goiter or fever, a mimic of SAT. We report a case of painful HT in a 68-year-old woman who presented with pain and tenderness in a chronic goiter. Her ESR was definitely elevated and her thyroid laboratory tests suggested subclinical hypothyroidism of autoimmune origin. (99m)Tc pertechnetate uptake was markedly decreased. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed reactive and polymorphous lymphoid cells and occasional epithelial cells with Hurthle cell changes. Her clinical symptoms showed a dramatic response to glucocorticoid treatment. She became hypothyroid finally and is now on levothyroxine therapy.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Biopsy , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Blood Sedimentation , Epithelial Cells , Fever , Goiter , Hashimoto Disease , Hydrazines , Hypothyroidism , Lymphocytes , Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m , Thyroid Gland , Thyroiditis, Subacute , Thyrotoxicosis , ThyroxineABSTRACT
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that usually presents as a diffuse, nontender goiter, whereas subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an uncommon disease that is characterized by tender thyroid enlargement, transient thyrotoxicosis, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Very rarely, patients with HT can present with painful, tender goiter or fever, a mimic of SAT. We report a case of painful HT in a 68-year-old woman who presented with pain and tenderness in a chronic goiter. Her ESR was definitely elevated and her thyroid laboratory tests suggested subclinical hypothyroidism of autoimmune origin. (99m)Tc pertechnetate uptake was markedly decreased. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed reactive and polymorphous lymphoid cells and occasional epithelial cells with Hurthle cell changes. Her clinical symptoms showed a dramatic response to glucocorticoid treatment. She became hypothyroid finally and is now on levothyroxine therapy.