Result of Silicone Tube Intubation in Patients with Epiphora Who Showing Normal Finding in Dacryocystography

PURPOSE: To Compare treatment results on silicone tube insertion according to the region and severity of resistance in lacrimal probing for functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients who complained of epiphora but are shown to be normal in lacrimal syringing and dacryocystography. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with 40 subjects (42 eyes) who had silicone tube insertion because of functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A comparison was made of post-operational patient satisfaction by grading (0~3) according to the region and the severity of resistance and whether the resistance region was singular or multiple resistance regions were found on probing. Success was defined as a grade of more than one point. RESULTS: Two eyes had no resistance regions, 28 eyes had one resistance region, and 12 eyes had more than two resistance regions on lacrimal probing. There was no statistical significance in the ranking of post-operative satisfaction among theses groups. There was also no difference among the groups for post-operative satisfaction according to obstruction site. CONCLUSIONS: Most functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients showed partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct on probing. Since functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction is not possible, we must treat patients for partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction, for wihch silicone tube insertion is thought to be effective.

Analysis of Genomic Alterations in Retinoblastoma Cell Lines by Array-CGH / 대한해부학회지

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in young children, arising in approximately 1 per 20,000 live births. Although it is established that the functional loss of both alleles of the RB1 gene is a prerequisite for the development of retinoblastoma, little is known about the genetic events that are required for tumor progression. To screen the genomic aberrations, two retinoblastoma cell lines, Y-79 and WERI-Rb-1, were analysed by using array-CGH. As a result, gains of AHRR, EXOC3, CEP72, TRIP13, TERT, SEMA5A, TAS2R1, MARCH6, CTNND2, CDH12, NHLRC1, TPMT, AOF1, FANCC, NCBP1, XPA, TGFBR1, BAAT, MRPL50, ZNF189, ALDOB, ABCA1, FCMD, TAL2, ZNF462, COL27A1, ORM1, ORM2, AKNA, ASTN2, TRIM32, GSN, STOM, LHX2, PBX3, ABL1, FIBCD1, WNK4, CCDC56, CNT1, BECN1, PSME3, AOC2, LOXHD1, ST8SIA5, SMAD2, KIAA0427, COL18A1, COL6A2, FTCD and LSS were found in both cell lines. Lost clones detected in both cell lines were RB1, ZDHHC3, EXOSC7, CLEC3B, CACNA2D3, DEFB106A, FAM90A6P, FAM90A7, ZMYND11, LARP5, GTPBP4, IDI2, IDI1, KLF6, AKR1CL2, FBXO18, IL15RA, IL2RA, TAF3, GATA3, CUGBP2, DHTKD1, SEC61A2, NUDT5, ITGA8, PTER, C1QL3, RSU1, DNMT2, PTPLA, PLXDC2, NEBL, MLLT10, DNAJC1, PIP5K2A, PRTFDC1, NRP1, PARD3, MGMT, RFP2OS, RFP2, KCNRG, IGHV, CDH19, TXNDC10 and RTTN. Through this study, it is confirmed that many genomic aberrations are involved in the development and progression of retinoblastoma. Genomic profiling of retinoblastoma cell lines by array-CGH revealed numerous imbalanced regions and novel candidate genes. These data provide a basis for more detailed molecular characterization and testing their pathologic roles of these candidates.

A Case of White-centered Retinal Hemorrhage in Infective Endocarditis

PURPOSE: To report a case of white-centered retinal hemorrhage in infective endocarditis. CASE SUMMARY: A 45-year-old patient complained of acute visual loss. The patient had a history of epidural anesthesia for the relief of back pain. On the day of admission the patient showed no light perception and had a white-centered retinal hemorrhage and cotton wool spot in the left eye upon fundus examination. Other ocular manifestations were not specific and there were no specific findings on a brain MRI and visual evoked potential. The patient was diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis and was treated by abscess drainage and systemic antibiotics therapy. The patient's near vision improved up to 0.4/0.5. He was diagnosed with infective endocarditis based on the echocardiogram with epidural and subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Roth spot can occur in many diseases such as diabetes, leukemia, anemia, and trauma, but most commonly in sepsis due to infective endocarditis. Therefore, medical evaluation and an echocardiogram for patients with white-centered retinal hemorrhage should be considered.

Clinical Evaluation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular lens Implantation in thee Eye Without Poosterior Capsular Support

The use of a secondary intraocular lens is the best method for the management of spectacle-and contact lenses-intolerant aphakic eye. Because of the high incidence and the great variety of complications associated with anterior chamber lenses, a sulcus-fixed posterior chamber lens is more desirable than an anterior chamber lens. Therefore we have performed newly developed surgical techniques using 25-gauge needle for implanting a posterior chamber lens in the eye without posterior capsular support by securing haptic of the posterior chamber lens to the sclera at the ciliary sulcus with 9~0 prolene suture. These techniques have been sucessfully performed and have produced considerable visual improvement in thirteen aphakic eyes, two patients who had dislocated lens, and two pseudophakic patients who had sun-set syndrome. Eighty-eight percent of the 17 eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 20/30 or better. The complications in three eyes were transient hyphema, transient vitreitis and exudate in lens surface, and pupillary capture. We have not yet experienced in our series any serious complication, such as lens dislocation, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, 2ndary glaucoma, endophthalmitis, and corneal decompensation, but long term follow up and more experience are necessary to establish the safety.