Influence of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Insomnia on Risk of Minor Injury: Prospective Observation Study / 신경정신의학

Objectives@#This study examined the influence of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia on the risk of unintentional minor musculoskeletal injuries (UMMI). @*Methods@#A prospective observational study was carried out in a single unit of the army in South Korea. One hundred and seventy-seven subjects participated in the study. The Adult ADHD SelfReport Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to screen. The risk of UMMI during one-week winter ranger training was investigated. @*Results@#All subjects were male and aged 21.75 (standard deviation 1.5). Approximately 9.6% of subjects had clinically relevant adult ADHD symptoms. Subjects with ADHD had a higher stress index and higher rates of insomnia than those without symptoms. After adjusting for age, rank, service months, obesity, history of UMMI, sleep time, and risk of the task, the ADHD group was 4.90 times more likely to have UMMI than the control group. Insomnia increased the risk of UMMI 8.14 fold. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that an evaluation and intervention for adult ADHD and insomnia should be made in people engaged in other tasks that may result in UMMI.

Psychosocial Review of Vaccine Hesitancy / 신경정신의학

Achieving herd immunity against COVID-19 through vaccination is considered an important strategy for controlling the epidemic. However, as is the case for other infectious diseases, many people are hesitant to vaccinate. Underestimating the risk of disease, inconvenience of the inoculation process, concerns about effectiveness and safety, autonomy and personal belief, lack of altruism, and antipathy are psychosocial factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy. It is important to acknowledge and understand these concerns and fears rather than criticize individuals. To achieve herd immunity, the government must provide accurate information and improve accessibility through various windows to encourage individuals to make reasoned decisions.

Longitudinal Influence of Chronic Intimate Partner Violence on Suicidal Ideation among Korean Married Woman / 정신신체의학

Objectives@#：This study looked at the effects of chronic IPV on suicide ideation among married women in the country. @*Methods@#：This study used data from the five-year-old Korea Welfare Panel and analyzed using questions about verbal and physical violence, depression and suicide ideation that were investigated every year. Age, education, and economic levels, drinking, religion, chronic disease, satisfaction with family relationship, satisfaction with social relationship, were included as variables. @*Results@#：The five-year cumulative score of verbal violence had a statistically significant effect on the depres-sive symptom, and the relative risk was 1.180. The relative risk of five-year-old cumulative score of verbal violence in suicidal ideation was 1.276, and it was also significant even if they exclude the effects of depressive symptom.On the other hand, the five-year cumulative score of physical violence was found to have no significant impact on suicide ideation if they excluded the effects of depressive symptom. @*Conclusions@#：Unlike previous studies, this study found that chronic verbal IPVs increase suicide ideation,even though they do not contain effects of depression. Such findings suggest that intervention in IPV in married women may help reduce the nation's suicide rate.

Longitudinal Influence of Chronic Intimate Partner Violence on Suicidal Ideation among Korean Married Woman / 정신신체의학

Objectives@#：This study looked at the effects of chronic IPV on suicide ideation among married women in the country. @*Methods@#：This study used data from the five-year-old Korea Welfare Panel and analyzed using questions about verbal and physical violence, depression and suicide ideation that were investigated every year. Age, education, and economic levels, drinking, religion, chronic disease, satisfaction with family relationship, satisfaction with social relationship, were included as variables. @*Results@#：The five-year cumulative score of verbal violence had a statistically significant effect on the depres-sive symptom, and the relative risk was 1.180. The relative risk of five-year-old cumulative score of verbal violence in suicidal ideation was 1.276, and it was also significant even if they exclude the effects of depressive symptom.On the other hand, the five-year cumulative score of physical violence was found to have no significant impact on suicide ideation if they excluded the effects of depressive symptom. @*Conclusions@#：Unlike previous studies, this study found that chronic verbal IPVs increase suicide ideation,even though they do not contain effects of depression. Such findings suggest that intervention in IPV in married women may help reduce the nation's suicide rate.

Assessment of the Clinical Heterogeneity of Kawasaki Disease Using Genetic Variants of BLK and FCGR2A

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) are clinically heterogeneous because its diagnosis is based solely on clinical observation and there are no definitive biomarkers. We dissected the clinical heterogeneity of KD patients using the KD-associated genetic variants. METHODS: We performed a genetic association analysis in several KD subgroups categorized by clinical characteristics using the KD-associated variants of the B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK; rs6993775) and Fc gamma receptor II a (FCGR2A; rs1801274) in a large number of case (n=1,011) and control (n=4,533) samples. RESULTS: BLK and FCGR2A were very significantly associated with KD in Korean KD patients (odds ratio [OR],1.48; p=4.63×10⁻¹¹ for BLK, and OR, 1.26; p=1.42×10⁻⁴ for FCGR2A). However, in KD subgroup analysis, we found that neither BLK nor FCGR2A were associated with either incomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) type patients or those older than 5 years of age (p>0.2), suggesting that patients with iKD or those older than 5 years of age are a unique subgroup of KD. In genetic association analysis after excluding iKD patients and those older than 5 years old, we found that BLK was associated with all KD subgroups, whereas FCGR2A was specifically associated with male KD patients younger than 1 year of age (OR, 2.22; p=2.35×10⁻⁵). CONCLUSIONS: KD is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. These findings will provide new insights into the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of KD.

Assessment of the Clinical Heterogeneity of Kawasaki Disease Using Genetic Variants of BLK and FCGR2A

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#Patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) are clinically heterogeneous because its diagnosis is based solely on clinical observation and there are no definitive biomarkers. We dissected the clinical heterogeneity of KD patients using the KD-associated genetic variants.@*METHODS@#We performed a genetic association analysis in several KD subgroups categorized by clinical characteristics using the KD-associated variants of the B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK; rs6993775) and Fc gamma receptor II a (FCGR2A; rs1801274) in a large number of case (n=1,011) and control (n=4,533) samples.@*RESULTS@#BLK and FCGR2A were very significantly associated with KD in Korean KD patients (odds ratio [OR],1.48; p=4.63×10⁻¹¹ for BLK, and OR, 1.26; p=1.42×10⁻⁴ for FCGR2A). However, in KD subgroup analysis, we found that neither BLK nor FCGR2A were associated with either incomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) type patients or those older than 5 years of age (p>0.2), suggesting that patients with iKD or those older than 5 years of age are a unique subgroup of KD. In genetic association analysis after excluding iKD patients and those older than 5 years old, we found that BLK was associated with all KD subgroups, whereas FCGR2A was specifically associated with male KD patients younger than 1 year of age (OR, 2.22; p=2.35×10⁻⁵).@*CONCLUSIONS@#KD is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. These findings will provide new insights into the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of KD.

Clinical Implications of Quantitative JAK2 V617F Analysis using Droplet Digital PCR in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: JAK2 V617F is the most common mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and is a major diagnostic criterion. Mutation quantification is useful for classifying patients with MPN into subgroups and for prognostic prediction. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) can provide accurate and reproducible quantitative analysis of DNA. This study was designed to verify the correlation of ddPCR with pyrosequencing results in the diagnosis of MPN and to investigate clinical implications of the mutational burden. METHODS: Peripheral blood or bone marrow samples were obtained from 56 patients newly diagnosed with MPN or previously diagnosed with MPN but not yet indicated for JAK2 inhibitor treatment between 2012 and 2016. The JAK2 V617F mutation was detected by pyrosequencing as a diagnostic work-up. The same samples were used for ddPCR to determine the correlation between assays and establish a detection sensitivity cut-off. Clinical and hematologic aspects were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-two (75%) and 46 (82.1%) patients were positive for JAK2 V617F by pyrosequencing and ddPCR, respectively. The mean mutated allele frequency at diagnosis was 37.5±30.1% and was 40.7±31.2% with ddPCR, representing a strong correlation (r=0.9712, P < 0.001). Follow-up samples were available for 12 patients, including eight that were JAK2 V617F-positive. Of these, mutational burden reduction after treatment was observed in six patients (75%), consistent with trends of hematologic improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative analysis of the JAK2 V617F mutation using ddPCR was highly correlated with pyrosequencing data and may reflect the clinical response to treatment.