Key factors to establish the ovalbumininduced atopic dermatitis minipig model: age and body weight / 한국실험동물학회지

Background@#Given its similar structure and immune response to the human skin, porcine is a good model for dermal studies. Here, we sensitized ovalbumin (Ova) on minipig back skin for 2–4 weeks to induce chronic atopic dermatitis (AD). @*Results@#Gross observation, serum cytokine level, epidermal thickness, and epidermal integrity did not change after 4 weeks of Ova induction compared with the control, indicating AD modeling failure. Only the neutrophils in the blood and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid changed slightly until 3 or 2 weeks after Ova sensitization, respectively. The successful and failed Ova-induced AD minipig models only differ in age and body weight of the minipigs. The minipigs, 12 months old with a 30-kg median weight, had a two-fold thicker dermis than minipigs 8–10 months old, with an 18.97-kg median weight, resulting in impaired Ova permeability and immune response. @*Conclusion@#Age and body weight are key factors that should be considered when developing an Ova-induced AD minipig model.

Clinical Practice Experience of Nursing Students in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#This study examined the practical training experiences of nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and investigated their experience during their practical training. @*Methods@#Data were collected between April 29 and June 24, 2021. The 29 participants chosen from three universities in the study were either fourth-year students or graduated in 2021 after attending nursing college, and they had taken at least one semester of practical training including alternative practice training after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inductive content analysis was employed for data analysis. @*Results@#Based on the analysis of data from focus group interviews, the following four categories and 11 theme clusters were drawn from 235 key statements: (1) situational change in the clinical practice environment; (2) perceived difficulties in developing core competencies as a nursing student; (3) unstandardized alternative practical training procedures; and (4) demand for systematic improvement in practical training while maintaining social distancing. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study demonstrate the need for effective and constructive practical clinical training in order for nursing students to achieve productive learning from practical training while maintaining social distancing, Alternative training modalities should continue to be developed and reviewed.

Operation Experiences of Women with Breast Cancer / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#In order to implement effective nursing interventions in operative procedures, it is necessary to understand the patients' care requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate the operating room experiences of patients with breast cancer. @*Methods@#The study was conducted from November 15, to December 28, 2018. Participants were recruited through an objective sampling method and included eight women who had undergone breast cancer surgery within the last 10 years. Interviews were conducted with the participants until no new data were obtained. Qualitative data were analyzed using the 6-stage phenomenological analysis method of Colaizzi. @*Results@#Three categories were identified across 18 themes and 8 theme clusters. For the category “before entering the operating room”, participants experienced crossing the threshold of death, mixed feelings of regret and resentment, and discomfort due to the gaze of unfamiliar people. With regard to “when entering the operating room”, participants experienced uneasiness owing to the cold environment and the medical procedures. However, they felt comforted with the attentiveness of the medical staff. Finally, regarding the category “after leaving the operating room”, participants experienced a sense of relief that the cancer cells were removed but expressed distress concerning the obstacles in follow-up care. @*Conclusion@#The results indicate the necessity of understanding the experiences of breast cancer patients undergoing surgery and developing effective nursing interventions for these patients.

Content Analysis of the Meaning of Spiritual Care as Perceived by Nursing Students / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to describe the meaning of spiritual care as perceived by nursing students. @*Methods@#This study used a descriptive research design, and the participants were 126 fourth-year nursing students from three nursing colleges. Data were collected from August to September 2019, and were analyzed using the content analysis method. @*Results@#Four themes of spiritual care with 15 sub-themes were extracted from the content analysis: 1) “promoting spiritual well-being” (sub-themes: “providing religious help”, “caring for the patient as a spiritual being”, and “presupposing human dignity regardless of religion”); 2) “taking place in actual nursing practice” (representative sub-themes: “considering the perspective of the patient”, “reducing suffering”); 3) “caring for the multifaceted needs of human beings” (representative sub-themes: “providing physical, mental, and spiritual care”, “caring for both the mental and physical health of the patient”), and 4) “growing together”(sub-themes: “positively affecting patient well-being”, “beginning with the nurse’s self-transcendence”). @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that nursing students consider spiritual care to be a highly positive and practical form of nursing care. However, because few students have been exposed to religion and spirituality, more systematic training should be provided.

Effects of Non-pharmacological Interventions for Preoperative Anxiety in Surgical Patient: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions for preoperative anxiety in surgical patient.@*METHODS@#The search included the following: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, CINAHL EMBASE, and Korean electronic databases (2000 to November 2018). Risk of bias in randomized studies was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for randomized studies and for non-randomized studies, the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized studies (RoBANS) was used. To estimate the effect size, meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the R program (version 3.5.1).@*RESULTS@#Nineteen trials were included (1,685 participants). The non-pharmacological interventions for preoperative anxiety in surgical patient were music intervention, aromatherapy, and patient education. Specifically, the twelve studies showing the effect of music intervention on anxiety were heterogeneous (χ²=23.42, p=.05, I²=40%). The effect size was −0.77 (95% CI:−0.93, −0.60). The four studies showing the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety were heterogeneous (χ²=8.95, p=.03, I²=66%). The effect size was −0.83 (95% CI: −1.30, −0.36). The three studies measuring the effect of patient education on anxiety identified as homogeneous (χ²=1.95, p=.38, I²=0%). The effect size was −2.85 (95% CI: −5.00, −0.71).@*CONCLUSION@#This meta-analysis indicates that non-pharmacological interventions including music intervention, aromatherapy and patient education may have a beneficial effect on preoperative anxiety. Therefore, the findings of this study provide evidence to incorporate various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to reduce preoperative anxiety.

Clinical comparison of choledochal cystsbetween children and adults

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Choledochal cyst of the bile duct is characterized by cystic dilatation of the intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is a relatively uncommon disease and there is still much controversy regarding its etiology as being congenital or acquired. METHODS: The medical records of 60 patients who underwent surgical treatments for choledochal cyst between April 1995 and April 2009 at the Gachon University Gil Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. To compare the clinical characteristics, patients under 19 years of age were grouped into children and the others were grouped into adults. RESULTS: Of the overall 60 patients, 24 were grouped into children and 36 were grouped into adults. Female predominance was common in both groups (M : F=1 : 6.5). The most common clinical symptom was abdominal pain (73.3%) in both groups. Children had remarkable jaundice (33.3% vs. 0%) and gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and vomiting. Fever and chills were more common in children because of the associated complications of cholangitis. According to the Todani classification, type I was the most common form of choledochal cyst in both groups, and type IVa was significantly more common in children than adults (45.3% vs. 16.7%). Thirty patients (50%) had anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union which was confirmed by preoperative imaging studies or intraoperative cholangiography. All patients except for one child underwent cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics of choledochal cysts between children and adults. However, combined diseases especially bile duct malignancy were common in aged patients, early detection and more aggressive surgery is necessary for patients with choledochal cysts.