The Effects of Patient Safety Culture Perception and Safety Control on the Patient Safety Management Activities of Psychiatric Ward Nurses / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#To provide basic data to find ways to increase the patient safety management activities of psychiatric ward nurses and establish measures for patient safety. @*Methods@#The research was conducted with psychiatric nurses who had worked for > 6 months in 9 psychiatric hospitals across 3 regions. Data collection spanned June 16 to July 7, 2022, the research tools being patient safety culture perception, safety control, and patient safety nursing activities. @*Results@#A hierarchical regression analysis showed the factors influencing patient safety management activities. In Model 1, factors of the position of the subject and number of accident reports in the past year appeared significant (F=6.63, p<.001); the explanatory power was 9.8 %. In Model 2, patient safety culture perception appeared significant (F=15.26, p<.001); explanatory power increased to 45.1 %. In Model 3, safety control appeared significant (F=14.63, p<.001); explanatory power increased to 46.6 %. Among the perceptions of patient safety culture, communication, and procedures, incident-reporting frequency and hospital environment were identified as significant. @*Conclusion@#The factors for psychiatric nurses' patient safety management activities are patient safety culture perception and safety control. Patient safety culture perception is a particularly important factor, and a strategy is needed to increase it.

Success Experience of Smoking Cessation Among University Students / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the experience of smoking cessation of university students who successfully quit smoking for more than six months. @*Methods@#Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews Oct 7, 2019-Dec 22, 2019 and analyzed with Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. @*Results@#The result was a collection of 5 theme-clusters from 14 themes, and the theme-clusters were 'recognition', 'warning', 'painstaking', 'awareness' and 'maturity'. Participants were aware of the possibility of re-smoking and the endurance of re-smoking. And they faced the temptation to smoke and actively managed it to abstain from re-smoking. @*Conclusion@#Smoking cessation is not the end of the addiction treatment, but a new beginning that requires nursing interventions. Finally, the success of smoking cessation is a painful growth process that reflects on life and changing lifestyles.

Influence of Stress and Anxiety on Depression in Central Asian Koreans in Korea / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study was designed to identify the influence of stress and anxiety on depression in Central Asian Koreans living in Korea. @*Methods@#We used a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study design, to survey 159 Central Asian Koreans between July 2 and Dec 17, 2019. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with the Scheffétest, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. @*Results@#Multiple-regression analysis revealed that how long the subjects had been living in Korea (β=.07, p=.034), their active problem- solving skills (β=-.47, p=.031), and their anxiety levels (β=1.54, p<.001) were significant factors that explained approximately 44% of the variance in depression. @*Conclusion@#We concluded that long-term residence and the skills to face and cope with, anxiety and stress can help lower the rates of depression of Central Asians living in Korea.

Influence of Stress and Anxiety on Depression in Central Asian Koreans in Korea / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study was designed to identify the influence of stress and anxiety on depression in Central Asian Koreans living in Korea. @*Methods@#We used a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study design, to survey 159 Central Asian Koreans between July 2 and Dec 17, 2019. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with the Scheffétest, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. @*Results@#Multiple-regression analysis revealed that how long the subjects had been living in Korea (β=.07, p=.034), their active problem- solving skills (β=-.47, p=.031), and their anxiety levels (β=1.54, p<.001) were significant factors that explained approximately 44% of the variance in depression. @*Conclusion@#We concluded that long-term residence and the skills to face and cope with, anxiety and stress can help lower the rates of depression of Central Asians living in Korea.

Demands for Mental Health Nursing Education and Works of Nurses at Private Psychiatric Hospital: A Mixed Methods Research / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this mixed-method study was to identify the demand for mental health nursing education and work of nurses at a private psychiatric hospital.METHODS: The survey of demand for mental nursing education was conducted by including 231 nurses at a private psychiatric hospital from November to December, 2017. Qualitative research by two focus groups was conducted from October to November, 2018.RESULTS: The mean of mental health nursing education demands according to major category were the therapeutic environment (4.27±0.76), substancerelated and addictive disorders (4.18±0.68), therapeutic relationship and communication (4.17±0.64), respect for human (4.11±0.74), and neurocognitive disorders (4.07±0.74). The qualitative research participants’ demands for mental health nursing education were classified into five categories: ‘discrimination power’, ‘communication techniques’, ‘psychiatric drugs’, ‘coping method’, and ‘legal issues’.CONCLUSION: Nurses with less psychiatric careers have strong need to learn a therapeutic environment and alcoholism, and nurses with more experience in psychiatry have education of humanities. Nurses at private psychiatric hospitals have high demand for continous education of updated mental nursing to expand their extensive experience required for becoming more professional nurses in future.

Nursing Student's Experiences on Nunchi in Clinical Practice / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and understand nursing students' nunchi experiences in clinical practice. METHODS: Participants were nursing students in the third and fourth years who had clinical experience. A total of 20 nursing students were divided into three focus groups based on their grade levels and gender. Data were collected from December 2017 to March 2018 through focus group interviews and were analyzed via Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: The study results consisted of 5 theme clusters, 11 themes, and 24 subthemes. These clusters were: confusion about ambiguous behavioral standards, effort in following social norms, concern about getting hurt, physical and psychological exhaustion, and forming social attitudes. CONCLUSION: These results show that nunchi has positive and negative effects on the clinical practice of nursing students. We need to improve the causes of nunchi, which can have a negative impact on clinical practice.

An Ethnography on Fundamental Nursing Practice Class / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: Objectives of this study were to identify and describe cultural meaning for nursing students in the class in fundamental nursing practice. METHODS: Data were collected from November 2016 to May 2017 included focus group interviews and participants observation. The key informants in this study included 23 nursing students divided into 3 focus groups who had taken the course in fundamental nursing practice in university U and university S in Kyungpook, and university D in Jeonnam. Interviews continued until no new information could be identified from transcripts. Data were analyzed using the taxonomic analysis method developed by Spradley. RESULTS: Based on the data acquired from the interviews, cultural domains in the class “fundamental nursing practice” were classified as ‘community oriented activities’, ‘learning and playing space’, ‘relationship of difference and discrimination’, ‘time for present and future’. CONCLUSION: The culture in the class “fundamental nursing practice” could be summarized as ‘non-standardized learning with team dynamics’. Also nursing students learned about a small society whose members are becoming nurses. Results indicate that it is critical for professors to understand students' values, beliefs and their attitude in order to aid in adjustment to class.

Ethnography on the Adaptation Processes of Japanese Marriage Immigrant Women to Community in Rural Areas / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe cultural meanings for married Japanese immigrant women in rural Korean communities. METHODS: The informants were 10 women in rural areas. Data were collected from August 2017 to June 2018 through in-depth interviews and participant observations and analyzed using text analysis and taxonomic methods developed by Spradley. RESULTS: The meanings of adaptation were classified into five cultural domains: Practicing the doctrine, accepting the difference, redemption, true home, and confronting reality. The subthemes according to meanings of adaptation were comprised of international marriage with a sense of calling, bearing with sense of duty, and making a living substantively. The subthemes in this study reflect the process of adaptation. The cultural themes in the process of adaptation were overcoming differences and conflicts between Korea and Japan to achieve true family. CONCLUSION: The adaptation processes of married Japanese immigrant women included making their living reality known and recognizing the times when exchanges between Koreans and Japanese cannot exist within a hostile composition.

Adaptation Process in the Workplace in Korean Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This purpose of study was to describe the adaptation process in the workplace in Korean adults with alcohol use disorder. METHODS: Twelve participants were recruited at hospital outpatients, Alcoholic Anonymous, and addiction treatment centers from October 2016 to January 2017. Inclusion criteria were Korean adults aged 18 and older who were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and had a job for at least one year. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method. RESULTS: From open coding, 74 final concepts, 18 sub-categories, and 10 categories were identified. Results showed that the central phenomenon was ‘struggling to stand confidently’. The core categories were ‘withstanding life by embracing reality as an addict’, and the adaptation process appeared ‘selection stage’, ‘determination stage’, and ‘management stage’. The adaptation process of Korean adults with alcohol use disorder in the workplace was compared to ‘pearl in oyster’, which can be a process of breaking through pain. CONCLUSION: Our study findings provide an in-depth understanding of the experiences of an alcoholic's job life. Mental health nurses need to be actively involved in developing vocational rehabilitation programs for addicts.

Influence of Emotional Labor, Nursing Work Environment, and Self-efficacy on Happiness Index among National Psychiatric Hospital Nurses in Korea / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify emotional labor, nursing work environment, self-efficacy and happiness index and address factors associated with happiness index to provide basic resources for national psychiatric hospital nurses' happiness at work. METHODS: Participants were 249 nurses working in 5 national psychiatric hospitals. They participated in the survey and data were collected from May 16 to July 30, 2016. Data were analysed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. RESULTS: Mean scores were nurses' emotional labor, 3.89, nursing work environment, 2.77, self-efficacy, 3.77, and happiness index, 3.52. There were significant differences on the happiness index for: department, type of work, career length, position and payment. Happiness index was influenced by self-efficacy, work environment and emotional labor. Explanatory power of these variables was 36.9%. CONCLUSION: These results show that self-efficacy and work environment are important factors related to the happiness of the national psychiatric hospital nurses. Additionally, developing an effective program to facilitate self-efficacy of nurses and research studies to identify effects of such a program are required.

Experience Process of Reducing Prejudices against People with Mental Illness by Nursing Students during Clinical Training in Psychiatric Wards / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand nursing students' experience process of reducing prejudices against people with mental illness. METHODS: Participants were 9 nursing students who showed positive changes in prejudices against people with mental illness. Data were collected from September 2014 to February 2015 through in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed following Colazzi (1978) phenomenological method. RESULTS: Analysis showed that for the students' lived experiences of reducing prejudice, there were 47 constructed meanings as 17 subjects in 6 groups: fear, terrifying, relaxation, pitifulness, realization, and sense of kinship. Fear included harm, unpredictability, and wackiness, while terrifying included handshakes without facial expression and unfocused eyes. For relaxation, the content included doing things together, receiving consideration, and being helpful, while for pitifulness it was feeling pathetic, sorry, and anger instead concern for patient. The content for surprise included tenderness, awareness of reality, self-assertiveness, and excellent ability, and for sense of kinship, the same as me and doing with me. CONCLUSION: Clinical practice instructors or field leaders should provide enough opportunities for students to understand and express their feelings about mental illness. Providing proactive education and programs to reduce prejudices about mental illness before the mental health nursing practicum are also suggested.

Adaptation Process of Mothers-in-law of Vietnamese Women Married to Korean Men / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to generate a grounded substantive theory of the adaptation process of mothers-in-law of Vietnamese women married to Korean husbands. METHODS: Thirteen women who had Vietnamese daughters-in-law were interviewed. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory method. RESULTS: Eight categories with 19 sub-categories were extracted from 268 concepts. The identified phenomenon was 'overcoming differences' and the core category was 'trying one's best to live together with daughter-in-law'. The 9 categories were grouped into 3 stages for the adaptation process: encountering, struggling, and living together. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that when individuals from different cultural and personal backgrounds have to live together there is a continuing negotiation process towards meeting each other's needs. Health professionals can assist this adaptation process by providing these women with insights into various ways of meeting each other's need while they are struggling.

The Experience of the Stop-out of Female Nursing Students / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the stop-out experiences of female nursing students. Stop-out is defined as the withdrawal temporarily from enrollment at a university. METHODS: Data was collected through in-depth individual interviews from February 2013 to February 2014 (N=8) and analyzed with Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. The participants were interviewed once or twice, for 30minutes to 1hour per interview. RESULTS: Five theme-clusters were identified from 14 themes. The theme-clusters were 'Craving for self-directed life', 'Anxiety about leaving regular orbit', 'Responsibility for selection of the stop-out', 'Reinvention of self and nursing major', and 'Making of mental power'. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the stop-out experience of female nursing students in this study has positive aspects in craving for self-directed life and challenges to live a new life. Therefore research is needed on various angles in studying stop-out experience as well as balance quantitative and qualitative research methods. Also it is suggested that continuous managements should be given to the students during stop-out period.

Anger, Anger Expression, Mental Health and Psychosomatic Symptoms of Children in Multi-cultural Families / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of anger, and its expression type to mental health and psychosomatic symptoms in children of multi-cultural families. METHODS: The data were collected from 125 students in grades 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparison test were used with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: Three anger-expression types were found; low anger expression, anger-out, anger-control/in type. There were significant difference in mental health and psychosomatic symptoms between the upper 25% and lower 25% groups of state-trait anger. Also, levels of state-trait anger and types of anger expression were associated with mental health and psychosomatic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Anger management programs for children in multi-cultural families are necessary to help them lower anger levels and control types of unfavorable anger expression such as the anger-out-in type.

Experience of Child-Rearing of Filipino Married Immigrant Women / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify experiences of immigrant women from Philippines in child-rearing. METHODS: The study design was a qualitative research. Participants were 15 Filipino immigrant women living in rural Korea. Average age was 37 and average duration of marriage was 11 years. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participants were interviewed once or twice between December 2009 and February 2010. Data were analyzed with Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: The Four themes-clusters were identified from fourteen themes. The theme-clusters (themes) were 1) Responsibility of a mother as a foreigner (being a role-model, patience, strict upbringing); 2) Practical problems of child-rearing (parenting alone, language difficulties, financial difficulties, lack of husbands' support, cultural obstacles; 3) Worries about their children (children's emotional problems, speech disorders, maladjustment at school); 4) Hopes for the future (self-satisfaction, expectations for their children, social support). CONCLUSION: The results help in understanding the situation of immigrant women from the Philippines when they nurture their children and suggest the necessity of programs focusing on improving mother-child relationships, especially as related to mothers' limited language skills. Further comprehensive education programs to improve better father-child relationships in relating to each other should be developed.

Factors that Influence Non-combat Military Soldiers' Suicidal Ideation / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the factors that influence non-combat soldiers' suicidal ideation. METHODS: The participants of survey were 302 of soldiers in Y and H city. The data were collected from Aug. 5 to 8, 2008 in H city and Oct. 25 to 30, 2009 in Y city. The instruments were the SRI (Stress Response Inventory) developed by Ko, Park, & Kim (2000), SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale), developed by Zung (1965) and SSI (Scale for Suicidal Ideation) developed by Beck (1979). The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: The mean score for the SRI, SDS and SSI were 15.71+/-19.81, 32.02+/-9.67 and 1.34+/-2.74 respectively. There were positive correlations between the SRI and SDS (r=.763), SRI and SSI (r=.583), SDS and SSI (r=.575). Stress, depression, age, and educational level accounted for 41% of the variance in suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicates that soldiers' suicidal ideation is related to stress, depression, age, and educational level and that there is a need to develop programs which focus on stress and depression management.

Impact on Marital Stability of Alcohol Use in International Married Korean Men in a Rural Area and the Mediating Effects of Marital Communication and Social Support / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify whether alcohol use predicts marital stability and to investigate the mediating effects of marital communication and social support in international married Korean men who lived in a rural area. METHODS: The participants were 200 of the international married men. The data were collected during June, 2010. The instruments were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Marital Instability (MI), Marital Communication (MC), Social Support (SS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for AUDIT was 9.6, and alcohol use was negatively correlated with marital stability, marital communication and social support. We also found that marital communication fully mediated the association between alcohol use and marital stability, while social support did not mediate this association. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicates a need to develop intervention strategies and education programs that include emphasis on moderate drinking and communication skills for couples in international marriages.

Experience on Emotional Support of Hospital Nurses / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to explore what experiences nurses had while caring and providing emotional support for patients. METHODS: Participants were eight nurses working at hospitals for more than one year. Data were collected from June, 2006 to January, 2007 through in-depth interview by using tape-recordings. Data were analysed with the phenomenological method proposed by Colazzi(1978). RESULTS: From significant statements, 4 clustered themes, 7 themes and 23 sub-themes were extracted from the essential meaning of the emotional experience of hospital nurses. The 4 clustered themes were 'movement of mind', 'affection and service for patients', 'worthwhile and conflict' and 'control oneself'. The 7 themes were 'special feeling', 'rapport formation', 'consideration', 'human interaction', 'value discovery', 'loss of volition', and 'keep to balance'. CONCLUSION: Although nurses had tough experiences for providing care for patients' emotional support, they had also experienced spiritual maturity from its experience. The result of this study would contribute for nurses not only to care for patients who need emotional support but also to develop knowledge in nursing.

The Effects of an Insight-oriented Nursing Program on Schizophrenic Patients' Insight, Positive and Negative Syndromes, and Depression / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an insight-oriented nursing program on schizophrenic patients' insight, positive and negative syndromes, and depression. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized. For this research, a total of 34 subjects were selected at a psychiatric hospital in Daegu during the period ranging from Oct. 1st, 2005 to Feb. 11th, 2006 (experimental group=17, control group=17). RESULT: After the treatment, between the experimental and control groups, there wasa significant difference in the level of SUMD(t=-4.52, p=.000) and positive syndrome(t=6.97, p=.013), but no significant difference in the negative syndrome(t=-1.81, p=.079) and depression(t=2.23, p=.145). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the insight-oriented nursing program works well for schizophrenic patients. Therefore, it is recommended that this program should be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for schizophrenic patients.

A Study on the Risk of Drug Use by Male Adolescents / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose was to identify the risk of drug use by adolescents. METHOD: The participants were 933 male students in the first grade of a high school in D city. The data were collected from Aug. 5th to Oct. 30th, 2004. The instrument was the High Risk Group Adolescent Drug User Screening Test (HIRIGADUST) developed by the Korea Adolescent Society (1996). The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: For substance use, 64.5% of the students answered that they had drunk, 40.3% that they had smoked, and 2.0% that they had tried drug use. For scores on HIRIGADUST regarding socio-demographic characteristics, there were significant differences depending on school type, personality, academic performance, economic status, and ability to talk with parents. For scores on HIRIGADUST regarding drug using-related characteristics, there were significant differences depending on drinking experience, frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol intake, smoking experience and number of cigarettes smoked. Of the students 27.2% students were in the high risk group. CONCLUSION: In schools, systematic and intensive assessment of drug use should be done, and if needed, a service system connected to clinics specializing in drug addiction should be established. Prevention education should be carried out continuously.