Transabdominal Ultrasonography of Seminal Vesicles with Combined Use of Electronic Linear Probe and Mechanical Sector Scanner / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Transabdominal scan of seminal vesicles with combined use of electronic linear probe and mechanical sector scanner was performed on normal adults and patients with seminal vesicular disease. The images of seminal vesicles were demonstrated easily through the multidirectional and multirotational handling of the scanners on the lower abdomen. The Ultrasonographic interpretation of the size, shape and contour of seminal vesicles together with the display of the internal structures within seminal vesicles was proved to be useful in the diagnosis of seminal vesicular diseases, particularly in the screening of underlying lesions of patients with hematospermia. The method is simple, atraumatic, and requires no special apparatus. It is concluded that the method is useful for the screening examination of seminal vesicular diseases.

Clinical Study on the Excretion Nephrogram / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Although the opacification of the excretory nephrogram is visible on the routine intravenous urogram as well as the image of renal collecting system, the attention of the urologists and radiologists was not paid to its diagnostic value until last several years. The author has been studied on the diagnosis of so-called non-visualizing kidney utilizing the antegrade pyelography and 203Hg renal scanning with successful results. As an another diagnostic armamentarium on this field, the author came to notice the practicability of excretion nephrogram, as it outlines functioning renal parenchymal mass radiologically, even in the absence of a later pyelogram. In this paper, the author observed the opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram on the normal subjects and patients with renal disease and studied the relationship between the opacification of excretion nephrogram and degree of azotemia and blood pressure in renal failure together with the technical problems influencing the opacification. One hundred of normal subjects and 459 patients with renal disease are included in this study The results are as follows. 1. In normal subjects, the opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram is 71.78 and 77% in 5.15 and 30 minute film, respectively. 2. In the group with renal diseases, the opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram is similar to that of normal ones in most instances, while there is some fluctuations particularly in serious renal diseases. 3. Marked reduction of opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram is noticed in groups with renal failure showing more than 120 mg % of NPN, 100 mg% of BUN and 10 mg% of creatinine, as well as showing hypertension and less than 7.5gram of Hb than in groups with less azotemic, less anemic and normotensive state. 4. Excellent opacification of excretion nephrogram is found on 15 min. film while less clearly on 30 min. film and poorly on 5 min. film. 5. It is suggested that the careful intestinal lavage and large dose of x-ray medium are essential to obtain a highly opacified excretion nephrogram.

A Case of Cavernous Hemangioma of the Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A case of cavernous hemangioma of the bladder was reported. The case was a 47-year-old female with chief complaints of massive hematuria and urinary retention who was found cystoscopically to have massive arterial bleeding without evidence of tumor growth. Suprapubic cystotomy and resection of bleeding site were performed. Cavernous hemangioma of the bladder was revealed on the tissue study.

Clinical Evaluation of Furadantin C for Urinary Tract Infection / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Clinical evaluation of Furadantin C for 14 cases of urinary tract infection was made. With one exception, all supported this therapy well, particularly excellent results were noted in urinary tract infections associated with diabetes mellitus or hydronephrosis. Minimal side effects were noted; mild indigestion and transient yellowish discoloration of skin were noted in each on case.

Clinical Study on the Prostatectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical study was made on the 28 cases underwent prostatectomy during the 5 year-period from 1964 to 1968. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The patient underwent prostatectomy revealed increasing tendency in incidence, residual urine in average and being usually in the age range between 60 and 70 years. 2. The degree of prostatic enlargement was mostly grade 11 on rectal palpation and the removed prostate was 49. 3gm. in average weight. 3. Blood loss attributable to the operative manipulation was 1143 cc. in average. The patients underwent prostatectomy were discharged on the average 21.3 days postoperatively in which postoperative indwelling catheter was left in place for 15.3 days in average. 4. Postoperatively the convalescence was uneventful and the residual urine was disappeared or decreased markedly. 5. In the patients underwent prostatectomy via retropubic approach operative blood loss was mild and postoperative duration of indwelling catheterization was short as compared to that via the suprapubic approach. 6. No serious complication other than epididymitis developed in a few patients was observed postoperatively. 7. Suprapubic prostatectomy was found to be suitable for the patient with marked prostatic enlargement while the retropubic one yielded less tissue damage and somewhat rapid postoperative convalescence as compared to the former.

Congenital Hypoplastic Kidney associated with Tuberculosis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

One case of congenital hypoplastic kidney associated with tuberculosis in 28 year old man is presented and related literatures reviewed.

Testicular Tumor in Childhood: Report of 5 Cases / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Four cases of testicular embryonal cell CA and one case of testicular teratoma in childhood are presented, and related literatures are reviewed.

Clinical Observation on the Hemostasis of Partial Nephrectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

1. Partial nephrectomy was done on 7 cases of various renal diseases including 5 cases of renal tuberculosis, 1 case of renal stone and l case of focal nephritis.Satisfactory results were noted in 5 cases of them. while in other 2 cases secondary nephrectomy was indicated because of severe postoperative shock and profuse hematuria. 2. Through the clinical experiences on the partial nephrectomy, it is believed that the method of choice in effective hemostasis during the operation should be included (a) the blunt division of renal parenchyma using scalpel han8e, (b) accurate ligation of the parenchymal vessels found during the division and (c) suture of the arcuate vessels at the corticomedullary junction under the aid of renal arterial clamping. On the other hand, tense and deep mattress suture to get indirect hemostasis is considered to be inadequate and unfavorable for the method having brought parenchymal necrosis and profuse delayed hemorrhage in a few instances. 3. Duration of renal arterial clamping using Bulldog clamp ranged about 30 minutes or so, and no definite renalinjury followed after the procedure.

Klinefelter's Syndrome / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A study was made on the two cases of Klinefelter's Syndrome with review of literatures Two cases revealed findings characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome suck as small testes, hyalinization of seminiferous tubules. azoospermia, increased urinary gonadotropin, decreased urinary 17-ketosteroid, positive sex chromatin, gynecomastia and impotence.

Prednisolone Provocative Test for Chronic Prostatitis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Provocation test made no 90 cases of chronic prostatitis using prednisolone with a dose of 20-30 mg. per day for 1~2 weeks, was done. The results are as follows. 1. In provocation group the incidence of cases with 10/HPF or more of WBC was 10~21% as compared to 0~10 % of control group. 2. There was no difference between the two groups in the number and species of bacteria found in the prostatic secretion. 3. On palpation no remarkable difference was found between the two groups except the tenderness which was less in incidence in the provocation group. 4. As mentioned above the prostatic secretion of the provocation group disclosed increasing tendency in WBC appearance and the prednisolone provocation test was proved to de valuable for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.

A Technique of Partial Cystectomy for Carcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A technique of partial cystectomy employing for hemostasis and traction was presented in conjunction with clinic study.

"Experimental Studies on Cross Circulation between Normal Dogs with Disturbed Kidney Function: Part III. Influence of Cross Circulation on Non-protein Nitrogen, Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine Blood Levels of Dogs with Renal Arteries Clamped Bilaterally / 대한비뇨기과학회지

In Part II, the authors have reported that cross circulation between normal dogs and bilaterally nephrectomized dogs resulted in decreased blood concentrations of non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen and creatinine in the bilaterally nephrectomized dogs and improvement of the dogs' general condition for a short time. In this study the renal arteries of normal dogs were occluded by clamping for varied periods of time to cause reversible renal insufficiency. After renal insufficiency developed cross criculation with untreated normal dogs was instituted to investigate the effects of cross circulation on blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine, urinary out-put and in the general condition of the dogs.As a control experiment, renal arteries of dogs were clamped bilaterally for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours and blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine, general condition and urinary out-put of these dogs were studied.In the oliguric phase caused by bilateral clamping of the renal arteries of dogs for 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours, cross circulation between these dogs and normal dogs was performed. One to three cross circulations were done on each dog and one cross circulation lasted for 2 to 4 hours. Changes in the blood concentration of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine, the general condition of the dogs and urinary out-put were studied.In the control and cross circulation studies 5 dogs were studied in each of the groups designated by the time interval of clamping renal arteries except one dog was used for the 1 and 2 hour groups. Using normal Korea mongrels weighing 12kg. or more, the kidneys were exposed through a flank incision under pentothal anesthesia. Perirenal fat tissue was freed and vessels supplying the renal capsule were severed and ligated. The upper ureters were freed of abarrent vessels. The right kidney was first exposed and then the left. Clamping of both renal arteries was instituted at the same time. The renal arteries were lightly clamped using a rubber shod clamp to interrrupt the blood stream but bot to damage the arterial wall. Clamping of both renal arteries were released simultaneously and the operative wounds were closed. Direct cross circulation as described previously was used in this study and all procedures were done under aseptic technic. Prophylactic penicillin and streptomycin were also given pre- and postoperatively. All observation and determination of experimental items were done before clamping the arteries and at 12 hours after clamping. Daily determinaton for 5 days followed thereafter. Hourly determinatons were performed during the cross circulation. The results of the experiment are summarized as follows: When bilateral renal arteries of normal dogs were clamped for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours, oliuria or anuria was observed immediately after clamping. Blood levels of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased at 12 hours after clamping. A poor general condition was observed in most dogs one to two days post-experimentally in these and there was gradual exacerbation in the induced kidney insufficiency during oliguric phase. Most experimental animals died except a few did recover after regaining enough renal unction to produce diuresis. During cross circulation, urinary out-put was not altered and the general condition of the dogs was remarkedly improved. A decrease in the blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine was observed in all the dogs. For one to seven days after the circulation the condition of these dogs became slightly worse but a diuretic phase soon developed and most dogs in these experimental groups survived except for the few which died during or after the cross circulaton.In each of the six control groups in which the renal arteries were clamped for 1 to 6 hours as described above, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0 and 0 dogs survived. With cross circulation, experimental groups in which the renal arteries were clamped for 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours, had a survival of 4, 3, 3 and 2 dogs, respectively. Of 20 dogs, 12 survived and 8 died.Cross circulation increased the survival rate of dogs with induced renal insufficieney, but it is unlikely that pathological changes and function in these kidneys were changed during the curculation. It, however, is clear that the toxic state of renal insufficiency was relieved markedly during the cross circulation, although temporarily, but long enough to provide better survival condition. Most dogs were supported adequately to overcome the oliguric crisis and return to the diuretic phase.In normal dogs used in the cross circulation the development of an apathetic state, and elevation in blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine were observed. These dogs urinated several times during the experiment and experienced frequent pulse and respiratory rates. Arrhythmias of a temporary nature were observed. These dogs returned to normal in one to three days after the cross circulation.

Experimental Studies on Cross Circulation between Normal Dogs and Dogs with Disturbed Kidney Function: Part I. Cross Circulation in Normal Dog / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Normal adult Korean dogs (Mongrel) were used for these experiments. Operations and cross circulations were performed under sterile conditions and anesthesia with intravenous sodium pentothal injection. Heparin was used as the anticoagulant before and during cross circulation. Two dogs were placed on operating tables so that their legs were together. The femoral arteries and veins in adjacent legs were isolated and cannulated with tubes of 1.0mm inside diameter. The arterial cannule of each animal was connected to the venous cannule of the other dog, and cross circulation was started and continued for 2 to 13 hours. This method is referred as direct cross circulation. A second method, indirect cross circulation, was devised to connect the arterial cannule of each dog to the venous cannule of the other dog through a glass bottle containing 20cc of ACD solution elevated one meter above the animals. With the venous tubing clamped, arterial blood flowed into the bottles. When 100cc of arterial blood had been collected, blood flow was reversed by clamping the arterial tubings and removing the venous clamps. The procedures were repeated for 5 hours. General condition, pulse, respiration, NPN. BUN and creatinine of blood content were observed and determined before, during and after cross circulation. The experiments were done in 7 pairs of animals by the direct method, and in 2 pairs by the indirect method. During the experiment, pulse and respiration became frequent and irregular. They showed sign of weakness. But dogs returned to normal in 1 to 3 days after the experiment. No significant differences were noted in the amount of blood NPN, BUN and creatinine content during and after cross circulation by both animals. However, the indirect method appears safer for the animals but less blood volume can be exchanged than in using the direct method.

Experimental Studies on Cross Circulation between Normal Dogs and Dogs with Disturbed Kidney Function: Part II. Influence of Cross Circulation on Non-Protein Nitrogen, Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine Blood Levels of Nephrectomized Dogs / 대한비뇨기과학회지

In the first paper of this experiment, the author reported no significant changes in NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine blood levels resulting from cross circulation between normal dogs. In this experiment cross circulations between Nephrectemized dogs and normal ones were performed and the rate of removal of waste products from the blood of bilaterally nephrectomized dogs through the kidneys of normal dogs as well as the state of improvement of a general condition were observed. Blood levels of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine were determined. Sixty to seventy-two hours after both kidneys were removed, the dogs developed anorexia, nausea, vomiting and apathy. Cross circulation as previously described was instituted when blood concentration of NPN varied from 139.2 to 193 mg%; urea nitrogen, from 86.7 to 137.8 mg; and creatinine, from 4.8 to 6.8 mg%. All procedures were carried out under an aseptic technique and penicillin or streptomycin were given to prevent infection. Using the indirect cross circulation in two pairs of dogs, 2080 cc and 3520 cc of blood was cross transfused for periods of 100 minutes and 5 hours respectively. Blood was exchanged by the direct cross circulation in four pairs of dogs for periods ranging from four hours 35 minutes to eight hours. The results obtained are as follows: During cross circulation between the nephrectomized dogs and the normal ones, the former exhibited improvement in their vitality, ceased nausea and vomiting and began to eat. During the indirect cross circulation the NPN of the nephrectomized dogs was lowered 13.8 mg% and 27.2 mg; whereas when using the direct cross circulation a decrease of 57.6 mg% to 84.6mg% and obtained. Decreases in urea nitrogen and creatinine blood concentrations were observed to be 10.2 mg% to 22.6 mg% and O.6 mg% respectively by the indirect cross circulation. whereas 32.7mg% to 65.1 mg% and 2.2 mg% to 3.O mg% respectively by the direct method. The lowered blood concentrations of the waste products, however, rose again and the general condition of the nephrectomized dogs became worse one or two days after the completion of the experiment. The normal dogs receiving blood from the nephrectomized dogs developed a rapid pulse, frequent and irregular respirations, a weakened general condition and elevation of blood concentrations of NPN. urea nitrogen and creatinine. The general condition and the blood concentrations, however, returned to normal one to four days after the completion of the experiments. The direct method of cross circulation between bilaterally nephrectomized dogs and healthy ones is superior to the indirect method in respect to the animals general condition and to the removal of waste products from the blood of the nephrectomized animal.

Antegrade Pyelography / 대한비뇨기과학회지

By using antegrade pyelography which was modified from Casey and Goodwin technique, we examined nine patients in whom accurate roentgenographic diagnosis could not be made by excretory or retrograde pyelography. Diagnosis established were three cases of hydronephrosis due to ureteral calculi, three of pyonephrosis due to renal tuberculosis, one of pyonephrosis due to carcinoma of the ureter, one case of pyonephrosis due to carcinoma of the uretero-pelvic junction and one of pyonephrosis due to ureteral obstruction This is the first report of antegrade pyelography in cases of pyonephrotic renal tuberculosis. No complications occurred during or after examinations. In selected cases of hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis, antegrade pyelography is a safe and new diagnostic procedure to other accepted methods of urography.