ABSTRACT
Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis is a rare entity in breast cancer and is currently classified as a distant metastasis; however, recent studies have proposed aggressive curative treatment since this entity may manifest as a locoregional disease. Herein, we report a rare case of contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis that presented with imaging findings 22 months after the initial breast cancer diagnosis in a 67-year-old female. The patient underwent lymph node dissection of the axilla with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A follow-up examination 6 months after surgery showed no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis.
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The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ has increased with the rise in screening mammography; currently, ductal carcinoma in situ constitutes 20%–25% of all breast cancers, and up to half of them may become invasive. Its early detection is critical in improving the cure rate. Moreover, MRI has higher sensitivity for its detection than mammography. Herein, we report an unusual case of ductal carcinoma in situ presenting as a continuous, serpentine, linear enhancement with regional distribution on MRI.
ABSTRACT
The male breast is a non-functional and rudimentary organ, but similarly to the female breast, it can be affected by various diseases. In contrast to female breast cancer, male breast cancer has a low incidence, and there is no established breast cancer screening program for male patients. Therefore, the diagnostic evaluation is usually performed in male patients with symptoms such as palpability or pain in the breasts. Furthermore, most adult male patients who visit breast clinics sometimes present with not only breast symptoms but also axillary symptoms, and both the breast and axilla are usually examined during breast ultrasonography in daily clinical practice. The purpose of this pictorial essay was to present the sonographic features of various palpable breast and axillary lesions in adult male patients.
ABSTRACT
Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignant sarcoma of endovascular origin that presents with various radiological findings. We encountered a case of angiosarcoma of the breast presenting as an irregular indistinct hyperechoic mass on ultrasonography, with a large single angiosarcoma of the spleen in a previously healthy 36-year-old female. Herein, we report the imaging and pathologic findings and review the literature.
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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare neuroectodermal disease that is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Here, we report a rare case of bilateral breast cancer in a 49-yearold woman with NF1 that presented as a microlobulated oval hypoechoic mass and a complex cystic solid mass on sonography. She underwent bilateral mastectomy. The masses were diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. We describe the imaging findings, including ultrasonography, CT, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET.
ABSTRACT
Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignant sarcoma of endovascular origin that presents with various radiological findings. We encountered a case of angiosarcoma of the breast presenting as an irregular indistinct hyperechoic mass on ultrasonography, with a large single angiosarcoma of the spleen in a previously healthy 36-year-old female. Herein, we report the imaging and pathologic findings and review the literature.
ABSTRACT
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare neuroectodermal disease that is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Here, we report a rare case of bilateral breast cancer in a 49-yearold woman with NF1 that presented as a microlobulated oval hypoechoic mass and a complex cystic solid mass on sonography. She underwent bilateral mastectomy. The masses were diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. We describe the imaging findings, including ultrasonography, CT, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET.
ABSTRACT
Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of the breast is rare, and only a few cases in the literature have reported imaging findings. Herein, we report a rare case of primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of the breast in a 38-year-old woman and describe the imaging findings including mammography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Although most fatcontaining breast masses are benign, malignancy can occur. Magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful for further evaluation of breast masses.
ABSTRACT
Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of the breast is rare, and only a few cases in the literature have reported imaging findings. Herein, we report a rare case of primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of the breast in a 38-year-old woman and describe the imaging findings including mammography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Although most fatcontaining breast masses are benign, malignancy can occur. Magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful for further evaluation of breast masses.
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PURPOSE@#To compare the diagnostic accuracies of renal ultrasonography (US) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).@*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#This retrospective study included infants and children (× 24 months of age) with urinary tract infections who underwent renal US and VCUG. The incidences of decreased or increased renal size, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, ureteral dilation, ureteral wall thickening, renal pelvic dilation, pelvic wall thickening, and accentuated pelvic dilation in the prone position were compared. Grade 3 or higher VUR was classified as “high-grade.†A total of 138 patients (109 males; mean age, 3 months) were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and diagnostic accuracy was calculated.@*RESULTS@#Fifty-three (38.4%) and 43 (31.2%) patients exhibited all-grade and high-grade VUR. Decreased renal size was significantly related to all-grade [odds ratio (OR): 16.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4–81.3; p = 0.001) and high-grade VUR (OR: 29.7; 95% CI: 5.7–155.3; p < 0.001). Accentuated pelvic dilation in the prone position, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, and ureteral dilation were related to all-grade and high-grade VUR.@*CONCLUSION@#Decreased renal size showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for US-based diagnosis of all-grade and high-grade VUR. Accentuated pelvic dilation in the prone position, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, and ureteral dilation may aid in the diagnosis of high-grade VUR.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of benign core biopsy of probably benign breast lesions (category 3) 2 cm or larger on the basis of excisional biopsy and long-term follow-up. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 146 category 3 lesions in 146 patients 2 cm or larger which were diagnosed as benign by ultrasound (US)-guided core biopsy. Patients were initially diagnosed as benign at core needle biopsy and then followed up with excisional biopsy (surgical excision, n=91; US-guided vacuum assisted excision, n=35) or breast ultrasonography (n=20). RESULTS: Of the 126 patients who underwent surgical excision or US-guided vacuum-assisted excision, 114 patients were diagnosed with benign lesions, 10 patients with borderline lesions (benign phyllodes tumor), and two patients with malignant phyllodes tumors. The probabilities of lesions being benign, borderline and malignant were 91.8% (134/146), 6.8% (10/146), and 1.4% (2/146), respectively. Of 13 patients who had growing masses on follow-up ultrasonography, three (23.1%) were non-benign (two benign phyllodes tumors and one malignant phyllodes tumor). CONCLUSION: US-guided core needle biopsy of probably benign breast mass 2 cm or larger was accurate (98.6%) enough to rule out malignancy. But, it was difficult to rule out borderline lesions even when they were diagnosed as benign.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Biopsy, Large-Core Needle , Breast , Follow-Up Studies , Phyllodes Tumor , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Ultrasonography, Mammary , VacuumABSTRACT
Pseudoaneurysm of the breast is rare. To date only a, few cases related to blunt trauma, core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy, or surgery have been reported. The author reports on a case of pseudoaneurysm after 14-gauge core needle biopsy, which was treated successfully with manual compression.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, False , Biopsy , Biopsy, Large-Core Needle , Breast , NeedlesABSTRACT
This study was carried out to obtain information related to life styles, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits according to gender and weight status of college students in Ulsan. The subjects were 324 college students (144 males, 180 females), and they were divided into three groups based on BMI. The average BMI was 21.0 kg/m2, and the BMI of underweight, normal, and overweight students were 15.4%, 63.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. Among the male students, 0.1% and 34.0%, and among the female subjects, 27.2% and 11.7%, were included in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively. For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast (34.9%) was considerably higher than those skipping lunch and dinner. Overall, the nutrition knowledge score, which was assessed by 15 questions, was somewhat low (44.9/100), yet, it was higher in females than in male students. There were significant differences among gender and weight status in several items of dietary habits such as the speed of eating meals, consuming breakfast on a regular basis, and sleeping hours. 40% of the subjects had appropriate knowledge about high calorie foods with low nutritional value. In the blood analysis of the subjects, males had higher hemoglobin levels than females. Further, more females were included in the risk group of Hb, total cholesterol, and LDL. These results suggest that in order to develop nutrition education programs for college students, differences between gender and weight status, dietary habits, and nutrition knowledge level should be considered.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Breakfast , Cholesterol , Eating , Feeding Behavior , Hemoglobins , Life Style , Lunch , Meals , Nutritive Value , Overweight , ThinnessABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) is a modified speech reception test using digitally recorded sentences. It is useful in assessing speech communication in noise. This test is easy to set up and to standardize by the commercialized HINT system. We aimed to develop sentences for the Korean HINT system so as to enable international comparative studies. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Seven hundred fifty natural written sentences were prepared. They were digitally recorded by a professional voice actor, and long-term average spectrum of recorded sentences was calculated for masking noise. The performance-intensity test estimated the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) and percent word intelligibility by testing ten normal hearing adults. The next step was to equate the intelligibility of sentences when they were presented in masking noise at a fixed level, and 250 sentences were chosen. Individual phonemes in each sentence were counted after phonemic transcription using international phonemic alphabet. RESULTS: Long-term speech spectrum of Korean sentences showed relatively lower level, especially in high tone, compared to other foreign languages. One dB change of SNR resulted in 9% word intelligibility change. Twenty five lists of ten sentences were formed by adjusting composition of sentences to obtain even phoneme distribution, which were had 9.21.1 syllables. CONCLUSION: Prepared sentences for the Korean HINT will be useful for assessing functional hearing activity as well as international cross-language studies.