A Study on Consumption of Convenience Foods of University Students by Residing Types in Changwon and Masan Area

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and the consumption patterns of convenience foods by university students according to where they reside. The subjects were 572 university students in Changwon and Masan who were divided into three groups by their residential type; students living with their parents (n=297), self-boarding students (n=139), and students living in a dormitory (n=136). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Among all students, 22.4% skipped breakfast, and the major reason was lack of time (38.1%). Convenience food intake at lunch was 39.1%, and that of snacks was 35.4%. In particular, convenience food intake at lunch was 45.9% for students living with their parents, 30.9% for those self-boarding, and 32.6% for those living in a dormitory (P<0.01). Approximately 66% of the students said that the reason they bought convenience food was that it was easy to cook. Those who were residents of a house (P<0.001) believed that nutritional imbalance was a problem with convenience food. The students who lived in the dormitory ate frozen fried pilaff (P<0.01), canned vegetables (P<0.05), packed kimchi (P<0.001), and Ramyon cups (P<0.001) more, while the self-boarding students ate Ramyon (P<0.05) more. The results suggest that it is necessary to educate people how to buy reasonably by understanding the interrelationship between convenience food and health care and by checking the nutrition index label on convenience foods.

Constipation Prevalence and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Constipation of High School Students in Gimhae Area

To better understand the prevalence of constipation and related lifestyle factors, the excretion habits, lifestyle, frequency of food intake, food preference, and stress of 1,157 high school students (713 males and 444 females) in the city of Gimhae, Korea were surveyed. The study was part of research aimed at providing basic nutritional data to alleviate or prevent constipation. Most respondents were male (61.6%). Of all the respondents, 55.4% reported that they have been constipated, with females reporting more episodes. Stress, lack of exercise, and bad eating habits were linked to constipation. Students reporting constipation slept less, were more sedate, ate less, and drank less water than non-constipated respondents. Their diet frequently consisted of noodles, sugary food and coffee. The results suggest that students could benefit from nutritional education in lessening the prevalence of constipation.

An Assessment on the Dietary Attitudes, Stress Level and Nutrient Intakes by Food Record of Food and Nutrition Major Female University Students

This study was performed to investigate the stress level, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of Food and Nutrition major female students at a university located in Changwon. A total of 122 female students taking the course 'Meal Ma-nagement' during 2001 - 2004 participated in this study. The general characteristics, stress level and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The nutrient intake data collected from 3-day food-record method were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The symptoms by stress showed that 'eye strain', 'physically exhausted or get tired' and 'pains on neck or shoulders' were high in 59.4 - 81.8%. The mean scores of stress in 2001 - 2004 were 8.5 - 12.0 out of 30 points and the subjects in 2002 and 2004 scored significantly higher on stress level than the subjects in 2001 did (p<0.01) . The mean scores of dietary attitudes were 58.7 - 66.6 out of 100 points, most of the subjects are belonged to the 'fair' group in terms of dietary habits level. The stress level had a negative correlation with dietary habits (p<0.001). About 1/3 of the subjects, the intake of calcium, vitamin B 2, vitamin A and iron were less than 75% of Korean RDA, whereas more than half of the subject, protein, vitamin C and phosphorus intake were more than 125% of RDA, and intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1:2. The animal protein intake was higher than the plant protein, whereas the animal vitamin A and iron intake were lower than vegetable food source. In 2001 - 2004, the index of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin B 2 and niacin was 0.56 - 0.98, and in 2003, the INQs of vitamin B2 was 0.56, and that of niacin was 0.67, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets of high nutritional quality.

Preference and Consumption Pattern of Middle and High School Students on Milk and Milk Products, in Geochang Area

This study was performed to investigate the preference and consumption pattern on milk and milk products of middle and high school students. The subjects were 1,195 students(590 middle school and 605 high school students) living in Geochang area. The survey was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire in November, 2004. The results were as follows. Sixty-three point four percent of the subjects liked milk, and the main reason was 'accelerate growth and development'(55.4%). Preferred tastes of milk were 'savory taste'(35.4%) and 'sweet taste' (29.9%). Banana milk, chocolate milk, strawberry milk, ice cream, yoplait and yogurt were highly preferred. General preference for different kinds of milk was significantly higher in high school students and male students than in middle school students and female ones. With regard to preference for dairy products, cream (p<0.01) and butter(p<0.05) was preferred more by male students than by female ones, ice cream(p<0.05), yoplait (p<0.05) more by female students than male ones. The score of milk intake frequency was 3.84(3~4 times a week) out of 5 points(7 times a week) for white milk, and that of chocolate milk was 1.98, banana milk 1.96, strawberry milk 1.72, coffee milk 1.65, showing that these products were drank less then once a week. In addition, the white milk intake frequency was significantly higher in middle school students and male students than in high school students and female students(p<0.001). Preference for milk showed a positive correlation with preference for dairy products (r=0.543, P<0.001) and frequency of milk intake(r=0.429, P<0.001). This suggests that those who prefer milk high tend to prefer dairy products and to show high milk intake frequency. In addition, milk intake frequency was in a high positive correlation with dairy product intake frequency(r=0.648, P<0.001).

Perception and Preference of Elementary Schoolchildren on Rice Foods in Changwon and Gimhae City

This study was based on the information provided by 1,180 elementary school children (630 boys and 550 girls) of 5th or 6th grade in Changwon and Gimhae of Gyeongnam province. They were asked about perception and preference for rice foods by questionnaires. The purpose of this survey was to find the way of encouraging rice intake and preference which is currently getting lower because of increasing simple westernized eating habits, and to provide basic information needed for inheriting and improving our traditional rice-based dietary culture. The results are summarized as follows. Most of subjects (91.2%) thought that steamed rice is better than bread for own health. The reason why they chose to eat steamed rice was 'because it is good for health' (61.2%), and 'because it is staple food item that we eat everyday' (26.4%). Seventy one percent of girls and 52.7% of boys gave the answer 'because it is good for health' as the reason for eating steamed rice. The reasons for the importance of the rice-based dietary culture were 'because of its superior nutritional value' (40.8%), and 'because it is our traditional eating culturec (28.6%). While significantly more girls (42.9%) answered as 'because of its superior nutritional value', more boys (39.0%) answered as 'because it is our traditional dietary culture'. More boys (59.0%) preferred noodles than girls' (54.7%), and fruits were preferred more by girls than boys as substitution foods for steamed rice showing significant difference (p<0.01). They wanted rice product developed in the forms such as Ssalamyun (29.8%), Ssalmandoo (24.1%), rice noodles (20.6%), and rice bread (15.6%). The preference score on rice products of subjects was one dish meals (4.27) and drinks (4.26), snacks (3.72), convenience foods (3.61), and steamed rice (3.44) in order. Preferred food showing points over 4 were Ssalbap (plain steamed rice) (4.29) in steamed rice type food, Kimchi bokeumbap (4.56), Bokeumbap (4.55), Bibimbop (4.45), Omelet rice (4.44), Kimbap (4.42), Ddukkuk (4.33), Curried rice (4.33), Jajangbap (4.28), and Ddukmandookuk (4.24) in one dish meal type food, Samgak Kimbap (4.26) in convenience type food, Songpyun (4.48), Injulmi (4.18), Teokbokki (4.71), Ddukkochiguyi (4.46), and rice cookies (4.24) in snack type food, and Shikhye (4.61) and Misugaru (4.28) in drink type food. Based on these results, it may be said that elementary school children think the rice-based diet is good for health and this dietary culture should be inherited and developed not only in a traditional aspect but also in a nutritional aspect. Therefore, more studies are needed to develop various forms of rice food products and cooking recipes.

A Study on Elementary Schoolchildren's Knowledge, One's Value and Consumption Pattern for Rice Foods in Changwon and Gimhae City

The informations concerning knowledge, value and consumption pattern for rice foods of elementary schoolchildren (630 boys and 550 girls in 5th or 6th grade) were investigated in Changwon and Gimhae of Gyeongnam province. They were asked based on knowledge, one's value and intake frequence of rice foods by questionnaries. Menus for 3 days including 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day were taken from 136 students (77 boys and 59 girls) in two Elementary Schools in Changwon and Gimhae to know intake reality of rice product. The purpose of this survey was to find the way of encouraging rice intake and preference which now seemed to be low because of simplified, westernized eating habits, and to provide basic information needed for inheriting and improving our traditional cooked rice centered eating culture. The results are summarized as follows. The knowledge of rice was positively correlated to the one's value (r=0.365, p<0.001) and the preference (r=0.132, p<0.001), the one's value was positively correlated to preference (r=0.409, p<0.001). The score of knowledge for rice was 12.8 points out of 20, the girls get points(13.12) significantly higher than the boys (12.53) (p<0.01). One's value about rice foods was 37.35 points out of 50 what is relatively high. They have eaten cooked rice type food for 2.24 times per day. Both boys and girls in Changwon and Gimhae area were having cooked rice type food significantly more during weekdays compared to weekends (p7lt;0.001) by 3 days food record. According the results, we can see the possibility that schoolchildren can be encouraged to eat more rice foods by nutritional education to go with the development of various programs.

Cell Cycle Signaling Pathway by Cyclins-CDKs and CDKIs in Endometriosis / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the cell cycle signaling pathway by cyclins-cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) in endometriosis. METHODS: 38 women with endometriosis were recruited. Endometrioma and the normal ovarian tissues were obtained during laparoscopic surgery on the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. And then, the normal endometrial tissues were taken by currettage. Nuclear proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E etc), CDK molecules and CDK inhibitors (p27(kip1), p21 etc) were quantitated on transcriptional and translational levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In RT-PCR analysis, the expression of cyclin D1-CDK6, cyclin E-CDK2 of endometrioma and eutopic endometrium was increased, and the expression of p27(kip1) was decreased compared with normal ovary. The mRNA expression of cyclins-CDKs and p27(kip1) was not significantly different between endometrioma and eutopic endometrium. In Western blot analysis, the expression of cyclin D1-CDK6, cyclin E-CDK2 was significantly increased and the expression of p27(kip1) was significantly decreased in endometrioma and eutopic endometrium compared with normal ovary. And, the expression of p27(kip1) in endometrioma was further decreased than that of eutopic endometrium. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p27(kip1) on the translational level, in the cell cycle signaling pathway, was closely related to endometriosis. In future, further experimental studies will be needed for the understanding of the cell cycle signaling pathway in endometriosis.

Cell Cycle Signaling Pathway by Cyclins-CDKs and CDKIs in Endometriosis / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the cell cycle signaling pathway by cyclins-cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) in endometriosis. METHODS: 38 women with endometriosis were recruited. Endometrioma and the normal ovarian tissues were obtained during laparoscopic surgery on the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. And then, the normal endometrial tissues were taken by currettage. Nuclear proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E etc), CDK molecules and CDK inhibitors (p27(kip1), p21 etc) were quantitated on transcriptional and translational levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In RT-PCR analysis, the expression of cyclin D1-CDK6, cyclin E-CDK2 of endometrioma and eutopic endometrium was increased, and the expression of p27(kip1) was decreased compared with normal ovary. The mRNA expression of cyclins-CDKs and p27(kip1) was not significantly different between endometrioma and eutopic endometrium. In Western blot analysis, the expression of cyclin D1-CDK6, cyclin E-CDK2 was significantly increased and the expression of p27(kip1) was significantly decreased in endometrioma and eutopic endometrium compared with normal ovary. And, the expression of p27(kip1) in endometrioma was further decreased than that of eutopic endometrium. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p27(kip1) on the translational level, in the cell cycle signaling pathway, was closely related to endometriosis. In future, further experimental studies will be needed for the understanding of the cell cycle signaling pathway in endometriosis.

A Study on Nurses' Perception for Nutrition Education Working in Kyungnam area

This study was performed to investigate nurses' perception for nutrition education. The subjects of this study were 197 nurses and 94 nursing assistants working at hospitals in the Kyung-nam area. The survey was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire in November, 2001. The results were as follows : Sixty-seven point seven percent of the subjects were nurse, 32.3% were nursing assistant. Average age of subjects was 26.9 years old, average nursing experience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from a junior college. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.3+/-2.5 out of possible 20 points. Seventy-four point two percent of the subject responded that nutrition education is very necessary for patient, and positive responses in the nurse were higher than that nursing assistant(p<0.001). Only 8.6% of the subjects had nutrition education training. The perceptions about a suitable person for nutrition counseling and nutrition education indicated dietitian(69.3%) and nurse(21.3%). Fifty-two point eight percent of the subjects responded that they would not participate in nutrition education themselves and the main reason for this was that they believed lack of expert knowledge(43.4%), and that such courses should be taught by specialist(40.5%). Forty-eight point eight percent of subjects had nutrition counseling experience for patient, and nurses, married nurses and those over 2 years of nursing careers had significantly higher nutrition counseling experience for patient than nursing assistant, unmarried nurses and those under 2 years of nursing careers(p<0.05~p<0.001)

A Study on Middle School Students' Perception and Knowledge for Kimchi in Masan and Changwon City

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perception for Kimchi in middle school students. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of investigation. The subjects were 375 male students and 278 female students in Masan and Changwon City. The main results of this study are as follows. Ninety-three point three percent of the subjects were nuclear family type and 61.7% of respondent's mother had job. The average knowledge score for Kimchi of the subjects was 5.27 out of possible 10 points and the average value score on Kimchi was 41.25 out of 50 points. Eighty-six point one percent of students think they should eat Kimchi because Kimchi is good for the health(38.6%) and Kimchi is our traditional food(31.4%), and it was significantly difference between gender(p<0.01), male students more realized 'Kimchi is good for the health(41.6%)', whereas female students more realized 'Kimchi is our traditional food(38.9%)'. The subjects perceived that the additive material making for Kimchi were powdered red pepper(80.2%), garlic(62.5%), salt(62.0%), salted, fermented shrimp(50.2%). ginger(49.5%), green onion(39.8%), salted, fermented anchovy(34.9%), sesame(25.0%), carrot(22.4%). More than 70% of the subjects estimated for Kimchi 'Kimchi is our traditional food(84.1%)', 'Kimchi must be developed the international food'(73.7%), 'Kimchi must be in succession(75.8%)', 'Kimchi is very nutritious food(70.3%)'. However, they thought Kimchi have to be improved more hygienically(38.8%) and less stimulative taste(25.7%). The knowledge for Kimchi showed a positive correlation with the value on Kimchi and the preferences for Kimchi, and the value on Kimchi was a positively related to the preferences for Kimchi(p<0.01). Therefore it is need to the development of program for the knowledge for Kimchi and the value on Kimchi in order to improvement the preferences for Kimchi.

Stress Level and Health-Related Behavior of Nurses Working in the Kyungnam Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was performed to investigate the stress level and health-related behaviors of nurses and to provide basic information for developing educational programs in the health care field. The subjects of this study were 197 nurses and 94 nursing assistants working at hospitals in the Kyung-nam area. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in November, 2002. The results were as follows : The average age and work experience of the subjects were 26.9 and 5.6 years, respectively. The number of respondents in the shift and non-shift operations was equally distributed. The mean height and weight were 161.2 cm and 52.7 kg, respectively. Even though the average body mass index (BMI) and obesity index were normal in the subjects, 9.2% of the subjects were overweight/obese, while 28.9% of the subjects were under weight, according to the obesity index. The mean score of stress was 27.5 +/- 4.6 out of 50 points. Most of the subjects were highly stressed about the amount of their work, problems regarding their future, and relationships with their superiors. With regard to changes in food intake due to stress, 44.1% showed an increased intake, while 32.3% showed a reduced intake. The degree of health consciousness of the married nurses, those over 36 years of age, and those with over 10 years of nursing experience was significantly higher than that of the unmarried nurses, those under 35 years of age, and those with under 10 years of nursing experience (p < 0.01). Fifty-one point three percent of the subjects thought their health status was unhealthy. Fifty-seven percent of the subjects had tried weight control. Their main reason for trying weight control was to have a slender figure (62.3%), and their methods of weight control were moderation in intake (45.6%), exercise and dieting (36.9%). TV/radio (49.5%) and newspaper/magazines (47.1%) were the primary sources of nutritional and health information for the subjects, and professional (25.1%) and the internet (13.4%) were ranked relatively highly. The food components of most concern to the subjects during meal time were (in order of importance) fats (51.9%), calories (40.2%) and salt (35.1%). The subjects considered 'taking a rest' (73.5%) as the most important factor in maintaining an optimal health status, followed by self-relaxation (56.4%), moderation in diet (39.5), bathing or using a sauna (25.7%) and exercising (22.7%).

A Survey on Middle School Students' Preferences for Kimchi in Masan and Changwon City

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake and preference of Kimchi in middle school students. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of investigation. The subjects were 375 male and 278 female students in Masan and Changwon City. The main results of this study are as follows. Fifty-nine point seven percent of the subjects liked Kimchi, whereas 3.7% of them disliked it, and the main reason liking Kimchi was 'hot taste' of Kimchi. Korean cabbage Kimchi and cubed radish Kimchi were highly preferred. And the preferred dishes made with Kimchi were stir-fried rice with Kimchi, Kimchi stew, pan-fried Kimch, seaweed rice with Kimch, Kimch pancake, Mandu with Kimchi, pork stew with Kimch. More than 90% of the subjects had eaten 6 kinds of Kimchi : Korean cabbage Kimchi, cubed radish Kimchi, radish leaves Kimchi, radish root & leaves Kimchi, watery radish Kimchi, white Kimchi. The frequency of Kimchi intake was 55.1% of the subjects ate Kimchi in every meal time, and 21.9% ate 2 times in a day. They preferred 'well fermented' and 'freshly prepared' Kimchi, and it was significantly difference between gender, male students more liked 'freshly prepared', whereas female students more liked 'well fermented' Kimchi(p<0.01).

A Study on the Health and Nutritional Status of Bus Drivers in the Masan Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was carried out on 178 bus drivers in the Masan area to investigate their health and nutritional status. THe nutritional status of the subjects was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and blood analyses were conducted through annual health examinations in June, 1999. The results were as follows: About 51% were classified as normal, 33% as health-concerned, and 17% as disease-suspected. The levels of total serum cholesterol were significantly higher in the over 20 year group (194.64 +/- 41.42 mg/dl) than in the under 10 year group (175.00 +/- 31.33 mg/dl) with respect to the length of their driving careers. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in the 51 to 60 age group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The total serum cholesterol increased with increasing age (p < 0.001), and SBP increased with increasing Body Mass Index (BMI)(p < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), hemoglobin (p < 0.05)and glutamate-pyruvate-aminotransferase (GPT)(p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the BMI of over 20, than in the BMI under 20. The GPT was significantly higher in the BMI over 25 than in the BMI under 25. In The mean daily energy intake was 1912.7 kcal (76.5% of the RDA) and the protein intake was 74.3 g (106.2% of the RDA). Compared with the recommended allowance, the energy, calcium, thiamin, and riboflavin intakes were below, and the Fe, vitamin A, vitamin C intakes were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 66 : 15 : 19, respectively. The length of their driving careers had a positive correlation with their ages and total serum cholesterol levels, and their ages had a positive correlation with their blood pressures, total serum cholesterol and hemoglobin levels and BMI. Their BMI had a positive correlation with their ages, blood pressures, total serum cholesterol, hemoglobin, GPT and GOT levels. The results of this study indicate that bus drivers needed regular exercise, and control of their body weights to prevent chronic diseases, and that their health status should be monitored as the length of their driving careers and ages increase.

An Analysis of the Correlation between Health-related Habits and the Biochemical Characteristics of the Blood of Bus Drivers in the Masan Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study investigated the correlation between health-related habits and the biochemical characteristics of the blood of Korean bus drivers. A total of 178 bus drivers working in the Masan area participated in this study. The general characteristics and health-related habits of the subjects were surveyed using a serf-administered questionnaire. The biochemical date were collected from regular health check-ups done through their workshop health insurance company in lune, 1999. The results were as follows : The average age of the subjects was 38 years, and 44.2% had a driving career of between 10 and 19 years. About 90% of the subjects ate irregularly, and 36% ate. health floods. Their rates of drinking, smoking and exercise were 74.6%, 83.6% and 70.8%, respectively. Their frequency of drinking was significantly increased as the length of their driving career increased (p<0.001). Their levels of total serum cholesterol, in relation to the length of their driving career was significantly higher in the over 20 year group than in the below 10 year group (p<0.05). Their systolic blood pressures, according to age, were significantly higher in the 51 to 60 age group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Their total um cholesterol levels signiscantly increased with increasing age (p<0.001). Their diastolic blood pressures (p<0.001) and blood glucose levels (p<0.05) were significantly higher among the subjects who drinking alcohol almost everyday, than among other subjects. Their systolic blood pressures who significantly increased with increasing frequency of their drinking (p<0.001). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were positively related to age, the amount of drinking, the frequency of drinking and the obesity index, and negatively related to exercise and the duration of exercise. The hemoglobin was positively related to age, preference for a meat diet and the obesity index. The blood glucose was positively related to the amount of drinking, and the total serum cholesterol was positively related to age, length of driving career, period of smoking and the obesity index. The results of this study indicated that bus drivers need regular exercise, moderation of their drinking and smoking, and control of their body weights so as to prevent chronic diseases.

Nutritional Education Status and Recognition of the Importance of Elementary School Dietitians in the Gyeongnam Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional education status and the recognition of the importance of elementary school dietitians (N=183) in the Gyeongnam area. The results are summarized as follows. All subjects took part in nutritional education program, but the educational methods were passive, as in the case of "home correspondence" (80.8%) and "bulletin board poster" (16.4%), and the education frequency was very low as in "one time/month" (90.2%). The subjects thought "as an independent subject" (41.5%) and "as a related subjects" (35.1%) were suitable teaching venues for the nutritional education. They were very low in individual counseling (4.5%) for school children because of "lack of opportunity" (42.2%) and "heavy work load" (24.1%). However, most of the subjects wished that nutritional counseling could offered in the future (95.5%). The parents' experience of nutritional education was also low (34.3%). Information sources for nutritional education were mainly the "internet" (53.1%) and "re-educational materials" (25.0%). The available instructional materials included "printed materials" (96.7%), "exhibition bulletin materials" (70.3%) and "electronic materials" (46.4%). The preferred education materials were "exhibition bulletin materials" (32.2%), "printed materials" (29.2%), and "electronic materiaThis study was carried ls" (27.7%). However, materials they wished to purchase were "electronic materials" (54.5%) and "cubic materials" (26.0%). These results show a difference between the preferred materials and the possessed materials. Most school dietitians (98.4%) recognized the necessity of nutritional education with respect to "good table manners" (42.0%), "correction of food prejudices" (30.3%), and "proper nutrition for growth" (21.0%). Although they had a great interest in nutritional education, they had difficulty in cutting their learning into practice because of "heavy work load" (30.9%), "lack of a systematic curriculum" (25.2%), and "lack of a educational opportunity" (22.8%). Ninety five percent of subjects wished to have nutrition education taught as an independent subject. They pointed out "kindergarten" (60.0%) and "lower grades in elementary school" (33.9%) as the optimal starting times for nutritional education and "school dietitians" (91.3%) as suitable teachers for these programs. The required topics chosen by the subjects for nutritional education for children were "proper eating habits" (54.2%) and "nutritional problem" (31.5%). The dietitians thought "food prejudices" (44.7%), "eat too much processed and instant foods" (36.5%), and "obesity" (11.8%) were the most common nutritional problems among elementary school children. These results suggest the necessity of solving the nutritional problems in children by developing a nutritional education program. Along with this program, if dietitian assisted programs for parents were developed, the effects of nutritional education could definitely be increased.

Nutrient Intake According to Dietary Attitudes of School Foodservice Dietitians / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study investigated the correlations between nutrient intake and dietary attitudes in Korean school dietitians. A total of 493 school dietitians working in the Kangwon and Kyungnam areas participated in this study. The subjects were classified as the good group(33.5%), fair group(36.9%) and bad group(29.6%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows. The average intake of energy, calcium, and iron were lower than the Korean RDA and average CPF ratio of energy intake was 64 : 17 : 19. The percent RDAs of nutrient intake of energy, calcium, iron and vitamin B1 were lower in the bad group than those in the fair group and good groups(p<0.001). The mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, were different among the three groups(p<0.001), the highest was 0.96 in the good group, the lowest was 0.88 in the bad group. The index of nutritional quality(INQ) was significantly higher in the good group than the other groups. The nutrient intakes were positively correlated with dietary attitudes(p<0.01). The nutrient intakes, INQ, NAR and MAR were significantly increased as the dietary attitude score increased.

Perception of Elementary School Teachers about Nutrition Education in the Kyungnam Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher's perceptions about the nutrition education of elementary schools. A total of 226 elementary school teachers within Changwon and Milyang city participated in this study. The results of this study were as follows. 90.8% of the teachers responded that nutrition education is necessaty in the elementary schools, and positive responses in the Milyang urban area were higher than that of the Changwon rural area(p<0.001). The main reason for the necessity of nutrition education was for proper growth and good table manners and the Milyang urban city was significantly higher than three other classes in 'for proper growth'(p<0.05). The starting period for nutrition education was supported by 72.1% of the teachers as beging when the children are in kindergarten, proving that this early nutrition education is supported. Especially in the Changwon urban support was higher than in the three other classes(p<0.01). The perceptions about a suitable person to teach nutrition indicated parents(39.6%), dietitions(35.5%), class teachers(24.9%), and the beliefs about nutrition specialists or dietitions was very low. 53.6% of the teachers responded that they would not teach nutrition education themselves and the main reason for this was that believed the teacher's work would be too hard(32.0%), lack of nutrition knowledge(29.4%), and that such courses should be taught courses by specialists(29.4%). However, 51.6% of the teachers disagreed with having a separate course for nutrition education. Proper eating habits(62.7%) and growth and nutrition(28.6%) were the main categories within nutrition education. The teacher recognized that elementary students' nutrition problem is to eat too much processed and instant foods(39.1%), deviated foods(36.9%), and lack of table manners(19.4%). The most effect method was to link the subject matter with the parents(38.7%), use of audio visuals and education materials(28.3%), and need of nutrition education teachers(10.1%) was low.

Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Attitudes of the School Foodservice Dietitians Working in Kyungnam Area

This survey was conducted in February 24, 1999, in order to investigate the nutritional knowledge and dietary attitude of the school dietitians working in Kyungnam area. Subjects consisted of 305 school dietitians of which 163 married and 141 unmarried. The results obtained are summarized as follows : The average nutritional knowledge score was 10.50 out of possible 15 points, and dietary attitude score was 69.36 out of 100 points. Most of the subjects belonged to "Fair" group in terms of nutritional knowledge and dietary attitude level. Married dietitians scored significantly higher on dietary attitudes than unmarried dietitians (p<0.05). The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and dietary attitude score was not statistically significant(r=0.107)

Effect of Nutrition Education Program on Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Diversity of Elementary School Children / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to promote health for elementary school children. It was conducted with a 7 week program focused on the teaching of the food tower and evaluation of its educational effects. Subjects consisted of 75 boys and girls (control group : 37, treatment group : 38) in the 4th grade of elementary school. The results showed as follows. The proportion of boys was a little higher than that of girls. Of their mothers age, the thirties and forties were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. 61.3% of mothers had jobs and 86.7% of mothers prepared meals. The average of the anthropometric data of the 2 groups show were all in the normal range. The degree of nutritional knowledge in treatment group after education was significantly increased in all concepts, however, the degree of the control group appeared to show significant increase in only two concepts, such as "snack" and "one-sided diet". The diversity of dietary intake was investigated to evaluate the educational effect using food picture cards. The treatment group showed significant increase in all food groups except "cooked rice", "potatoes" and "fruits", but the control group showed no significant change. The level of nutrition knowledge has a significant correlation with the diversity of the food intake in the treatment group. The preferred lesson for children were "games", "doll playing" and "role playing". The impressive lesson contents were "diverse food intake without one-sided diet", "eating breakfast everyday", "choosing good snacks for health" and "eating less procesed food". These findings indicate that a well-designed program for nutrition education can help to change food habits, and that childrens education helps them to grow and to live as healthy adults. The performance of an educational program for preventive nutrition is more beneficial for children than for the adults based on the cost reduction and effect of this education.

Effect of Nutrition Education Program on Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Diversity of Elementary School Children / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to promote health for elementary school children. It was conducted with a 7 week program focused on the teaching of the food tower and evaluation of its educational effects. Subjects consisted of 75 boys and girls (control group : 37, treatment group : 38) in the 4th grade of elementary school. The results showed as follows. The proportion of boys was a little higher than that of girls. Of their mothers age, the thirties and forties were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. 61.3% of mothers had jobs and 86.7% of mothers prepared meals. The average of the anthropometric data of the 2 groups show were all in the normal range. The degree of nutritional knowledge in treatment group after education was significantly increased in all concepts, however, the degree of the control group appeared to show significant increase in only two concepts, such as "snack" and "one-sided diet". The diversity of dietary intake was investigated to evaluate the educational effect using food picture cards. The treatment group showed significant increase in all food groups except "cooked rice", "potatoes" and "fruits", but the control group showed no significant change. The level of nutrition knowledge has a significant correlation with the diversity of the food intake in the treatment group. The preferred lesson for children were "games", "doll playing" and "role playing". The impressive lesson contents were "diverse food intake without one-sided diet", "eating breakfast everyday", "choosing good snacks for health" and "eating less procesed food". These findings indicate that a well-designed program for nutrition education can help to change food habits, and that childrens education helps them to grow and to live as healthy adults. The performance of an educational program for preventive nutrition is more beneficial for children than for the adults based on the cost reduction and effect of this education.