ABSTRACT
Hemobilia is a rare upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding phenomenon usually caused by trauma but may occur due to various liver and pancreatobiliary diseases. Causes related to gallbladder disease include vascular disorders, malignancy, polyps, heterotopic GI mucosa, acalculous inflammation, and most commonly gallstones. Most cases are treated with a cholecystectomy. If hemobilia is detected, efforts must be made to exclude malignancy because hemobilia develops from both benign and malignant disease. Particularly in gallbladder disease with hemobilia, the possibility of gallbladder carcinoma should be considered. We report two cases of hemoblia by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and duodenoscopy, with a review of the literature. The first case was xanthoglanulomatous cholesystitis and the second case was gallbladder cancer disclosed by cholecystectomy.