Study on Immunohistochemical Cyclin D1 Expression and Flow Cytometric DNA Analysis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cancer is a disease characterized by deregulation of cell cycle control. During the last decade, many alterations in the signaling pathways that ultimately lead to DNA replication and mitosis have been identified in various tumor types. DNA analysis by flow cytometry is considered to be of prognostic value in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, a few and contradictory studies have been made on squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Expression of the cell cycle control gene cyclin D1 may, at least in some tumor types, provide a prognostic marker. Cyclin D1 is expressed during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and becomes associated with its catalytic partner CDK4 or CDK6. The authors evaluated the prognostic significance of cyclin D1, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) in the squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx to determine their relationship with the various clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin embedded tissue specimens from 28 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of larynx were studied by the immunohistochemical method using cyclin Dl antibody and by flow cytometric DNA analysis. RESULT: The positive expression of cyclin D1 protein was 60.7% in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. In 28 cases of flow sytometric DNA analysis, 23 cases (82.1%) were diploidy and 5 cases (17.9%) were aneuploidy. The SPF ranged from 0.0% to 83.9% (mean 41.4, median 35.2). The mean SPF of DNA diploid cases was 34.2%, whereas that of DNA aneuploid cases was 74.7%. Expression of cyclin D1 protein was found in 52.2% of the diploid cases and in 100% of the aneuploid cases. This expression was statistically significant (p or = 35.2). The expression of cyclin D1 protein did not correlate with clinical features. CONCLUSION: The expression of cyclin D1 protein may be related with development of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, but not correlated with prognostic indicators. In cases of aneuploidy/higher SPF (> or = 35.2), The expression of cyclin Dl protein did not significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis, but showed a high expression rate of cyclin Dl protein. However, these correlations were not sufficient for the prognostic indicators in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

The Study of the Pathogenesis of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma with Immunohistochemical Staining of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Extracellular Matrix Proteins and T Lymphocyte Distribution / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The exact pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma is still unknown to some extent. Recently, however, advances of immunology have opened a new chapter in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma through immunohistochemical techniques. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes thought to be responsible for both normal connective tissue matrix remodelling and the accelerated breakdown associated with tumor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in correlation with the expression of basement membrane antigen (laminin), fibronectin and T lymphocyte in middle ear cholesteatoma to compare them with those in external auditory canal skin as a control group. Material and Methods: The biopsy specimens of cholesteatomatous tissue and external auditory canal skin were obtained during undergoing the middle ear surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using monoclonal mouse antibodies against MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, laminin, fibronectin and pan T lymphocyte (UCHL1) were used. RESULTS: The results are as follows: In cholesteatomatous tissue, a number of T lymphocytes were expressed and a large number of MMPs were expressed in the basal cell layer and in the stroma of cholesteatoma. Both MMP-2 and MMP-3 showed positive signals in the basal and parabasal cell layer. A strong expression of MMP-9 was shown in granuloma area. Expression of MMP-3 had a significant correlation with a distribution of T lymphocyte (r=-0.522, p<0.05). Expression of MMP-2 had a significant correlation with a distribution of laminin (r=0.662, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that spatial distribution of matrix metalloproteinases in the extracellular matrix show a specific relation to extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin, fibronectin and T-lymphocyte in middle ear cholesteatoma especially inflammatory and immune state.