ABSTRACT
Objectives@#The association between long sleep duration and mortality is frequently attributed to the confounding influence of comorbidities. Nevertheless, past efforts to account for comorbidities have yielded inconsistent outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate this relationship using a large prospective cohort in Korea. @*Methods@#The study included 114 205 participants from the Health Examinees Study, who were followed for a median of 9.1 years. A composite comorbidity score was developed to summarize the effects of 21 diseases. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality associated with sleep duration were estimated. These estimates were adjusted for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and comorbidity score. Additionally, a stratified analysis by subgroups with and without comorbidities was conducted. @*Results@#Throughout the follow-up period, 2675 deaths were recorded. After all adjustments, an association was observed between a sleep duration of 8 hours or more and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20). However, no such association was detected in the stratified analysis for the subgroups based on comorbidity status. @*Conclusions@#Long sleep duration was found to be associated with all-cause mortality among Koreans, even after adjusting for comorbidities. Additional studies are required to explore the mechanism underlying the association between sleep duration and major causes of mortality.
ABSTRACT
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), which was first introduced in 1980, was quickly adopted for use in pediatric and adult patients. However, problems such as severe kyphoscoliosis, interposed organs, or other forms of distorted anatomy, may prevent effective and safe PEG tube placement. In such cases, laparoscopy-assisted PEG (LAPEG) is a useful optional procedure for patients with distorted anatomy and an initial unsuccessful PEG attempt. Furthermore, less invasive measures are preferable over surgical gastrostomy. We present a 27-year-old-male patient with severe kyphoscoliosis and a history of PEG-related complications with a colocutaneous fistula appearing 10 months earlier in whom a feeding tube was successfully placed by LAPEG. There were no LAPEG-related complications in the perioperative period, either technical or metabolic. After discharge, the patient was effectively fed using the bolus method.