ABSTRACT
Background@#The pentadecapeptide BPC-157 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects on multiple target tissues and organs. Peptides have potent anti-inflammatory effects on periodontal tissues in rats with periodontitis. Few studies have investigated the effect of BPC-157 on pain after dental procedures or oral surgeries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of BPC-157 on postoperative incisional pain in rats. @*Methods@#Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (saline with the same volume), BPC10 (10 μg/kg of BPC-157), BPC20 (20 μg/kg of BPC-157), BPC40 (40 μg/kg of BPC-157), and morphine (5 mg/kg of morphine). A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin, fascia, and muscle of the plantar aspect of the hind paw in isoflurane-anesthetised rats. Withdrawal responses were measured using von Frey filaments at 0, 2, 6 h and 4, 7 d after incision. The formalin test was also performed to differentiate its anti-nociceptive effect from an inflammatory reaction or central sensitization. Pain behavior was quantified periodically in phases 1 and 2 by counting the number of flinches in the ipsilateral paw after injection with 30 μL of 5% formalin. @*Results@#The threshold of mechanical allodynia was significantly increased in the BPC10, BPC20, BPC40 and morphine groups compared with that in the control group at 2 h. These increasing thresholds then returned to the levels of the control group. The BPC-157 group showed a much higher threshold at 4 days after incision than the control group. The thresholds of the BPC groups, except the morphine group, were normalized 7 days after incision. The flinching numbers of the BPC10, BPC20, BPC40 and morphine groups were significantly decreased in phase 1, but there was no decrease in the BPC-157 groups except the morphine group in phase 2. @*Conclusions@#BPC-157 was effective only for a short period after incision. It was also effective during phase 1 but not during phase 2, as determined by the formalin test. BPC-157 might have a short antinociceptive effect, even though it has anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects.
ABSTRACT
The rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding is angiodysplasia. Angiolysplasia is most common in the right colon, but it can be found throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract. The main lesion of angiodysplasia is located at the submucosal layer. So, it is sometimes very difficult to search for the focus of bleeding via laparotomy or colonoscopy. We recently experienced a case of rectal arteriovenous malformation that was misdiagnosed as intussusception. A 57-year-old man visited the emergency room because of abrupt anal bleeding and low abdominal pain, and this was the third episode he'd experienced during the past 20 years. Sigmoidoscopy and abdominal CT revealed that his rectum was obstructed with a dark black colotuberant mass, which was suggestive of ischemic intussusception. We performed emergency laparotomy and we found an extremely swollen rectum with surrounding hematoma instead of intussusception. We performed low anterior resection and colo-anal anastomosis with ileostomy. The final pathologic diagnosis showed that the protuberant mass was a hematoma in the submucosal layer, and this developed by bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation in the rectum.