[ effectiveness of family-based cognitive behavioral therapy in weight reduction among children with obesity]

The fast increasing prevalence of childhood obesity makes it necessary to prioritize effective treatment strategies to deal with this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of family-based cognitive behavioral therapy in weight reduction among children with obesity. A randomized controlled trial with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments was conducted. Thirty children with obesity and Body mass index [BMI] >/= 95th percentile for age and gender, were selected by convenience sampling from patients attending the Amirkabir Hospital and Morsali Clinic in Arak, and were randomly assigned to the experimental group [n=15] under administration of family-based cognitive behavioral therapy for a duration of six group sessions per week] and a control group [n=15]. Patients were weighed at the beginning of each session and Body mass index [BMI] was measured for all participants in three phases of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that this intervention was effective in reducing body mass index. According to the results, family-based cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective method for treating of childhood obesity, and may be applicable in future research and possible clinical applications in this field

[Prevalence of DSM-IV behavioral disorders among 12-17 years pupiles of Golestan provine-Northern Iran [2010-11]]

Identification of disorders frequency in adolescence stage has implications for child and adolescence psychiatry. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of DSM-IV behavioral disorders among 12-17 years pupiles of Golestan province during 2010-11. In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 1500 pupiles [715 boys and 785 girls] from schools of Golestan State were selected through stratified random sampling method. Demographical questionnaire and DSM-IV based behavioral disorders of Achenbach youth self-report scale [YSR] were recorded. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistic and nonparametric test of Chi-Square and calculation of Odd Ratio and 95%CI with PASW software. Prevalence of behavioral disorders among the sample population 12-14 years, 15-17 years and as total were 5.47%, 5.05% and 5.27%, respectively. Prevalence of somatic disorders and anxiety were 5.8% and 4.7%, respectively. Moreover, the difference between prevalence of conduct and ADHD disorders in males and females were significant [P<0.05]. Odd ratio for both genders in prediction of conduct disorder and ADHD and for the scholastic grade in prediction of affective and anxious disorders was significant [P<0.05]. Total prevalence of behavioral disorders among the pupiles of Golestan province in Iran was 5.27%, which is approximately similar to the other studies in Iran

[Risk factors associated with depression in type 2 diabetics]

Depression is one of the most common psychological states in type 2 diabetes that contributes to adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for the incidence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 254 type 2 diabetic patients were selected through convenience sampling among diabetes outpatient clinics of Tehran university of medical sciences and also Iranian diabetes society during 2010-11. Data were collected using demographic and disease characteristic questionnaire, patient health questionnaire, social support scale and diabetes self-management scale [DSMS] and then analyzed using Chi square, t-test and binary logistic regression. Increased pain and functional disability [OR=11.725], decreased social support [OR=3.086], decreased performance for diabetes self-care [OR=4.088], longer duration of diabetes [OR=1.328], diabetes complications [OR=2.324], the need for insulin therapy [OR=2.431], HbA1c>9% [OR=21.575], BMI>25kg/m2 [OR=2.251] and major life events [OR=14.043] were significantly different between the diabetic patients with and without depression [P=0.001]. There was no significant difference in age, sex and socio-economic status between the two groups. The regression model correctly was fitted in 95.3% of the cases. Pain and functional disability, poor social support, weaker diabetes self-care, longer duration of diabetes, diabetes complications, the need for insulin therapy, HbA1c>9%, BMI>25kg/m2 and the experience of major life events all together contribute to the incidence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients. The results of the study have implications for the prevention of depression in diabetic patients

Psychological, social and structural determinants of diabetes self-management

Self-management of diabetes, an important aspect of diabetes treatment, is strongly affected by psychological and sociostructural factors. The aim of this research was to investigate the psychological, social and structural determinants of diabetes self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. In cross-sectional design study, 500 out patients [245 men and 255 women] with type II diabetes were selected by convenience sampling. Data collected by demographic questionnaires on the Scales of diabetes self-management, diabetes self- efficacy, belief to treatment effectiveness, belief to illness certainty, treatment motivation, patient- provider therapeutic communication, diabetic knowledge, satisfaction for therapeutic services, access to therapeutic services, familial social support, and on collaborative decision-making, were analyzed by correlation and stepwise multiple regressions. Diabetes self-management mean [standard deviation] was 45.77 [21.81]. Self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, social support, >HbA1c%7 and Insulin therapy significantly predicted diabetes self-management variance [P<0.001]. The variables explained 91% of diabetes self-management [R2 = 0.91]. Self-efficacy has highest weight in prediction of diabetes self-management [beta = 0.338, P<0.001]. Self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, social support, mild HbA1c and treatment type are important factors for diabetes self-management and these variables explained the high rate of the diabetes self-management variance, emphasizing the importance of improvement of self-management behaviors in these patients

[ effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on improving the multidimensional pain symptoms of the patients with chronic low back pain; a 4 months follow up]

Psychosocial factors has key role in continuation and maintenance of low back pain. The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on improving the Multidimensional Pain Symptoms of the patients with chronic low back pain. In an double-blind randomly clinical trial including pre-test, post-test, follow-up and control group, Thirty-five Patients with diagnosis of Low Back Pain compliance randomly selected in clinical centers of one, two and three regions of Tehran and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. All participants completed the Multidimensional Pain Inventory [MPI] and demographical questionnaire in three phases of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy carried out on the two groups in 8 sessions once weekly. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that cognitive-behavioral group therapy significantly reduced mean scores of the multidimensional pain symptoms for the experimental groups as compared to the control group [P<0.05]. According to the findings of this study, cognitive-behavioral group therapy is effective method in decreasing multidimensional pain symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain