Modulatory effects of thymoquinone on the toxicity induced by imidacloprid in albino rat, Rattus norvegicus

The possible modulatory potential of thymoquinone [TQ] against imidacloprid [IC] induced toxicity was examined in male albino rats. One hundred and forty four adult male albino rats, Rattus norvegicus, were allocated into six groups, three groups are control and the other three groups are treated. IC was given orally at a dose of 1/100 LD50 / day for 4 weeks, with or without pretreatment of TQ that given weekly as a single i.p. injection at a dose of 1mg/kg.b.wt. Oral administration of IC significantly decreased RBC, Hb, Hct, ALP, and total protein, while increased AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and lipid peroxide. Recovery of haematological and biochemical changes was observed after TQ supplementation. It is concluded that TQ might alleviate disturbance in haematological and biochemical parameters induced by IC toxicity

Modulatory effects of thymoquinone on the histological changes induced by imidacloppid in albino rats

The possible modulatory effects of thymoquinone [TQ] against pathological changes induced by imidacloprid [IC] were examined using male albino rats. One hundred and forty four adult male albino rats [Rattus norvegicus] were allocated into six groups, one group is normal, two are control groups and the other are treated groups. IC was given orally at a dose of 1/100 LD 50/ day for 4 weeks, without TQ, before TQ, or with TQ [given as a single i.p. injection weekly at a dose of 1 mg/ kg.b.wt]. Histopathological studies of liver showed dense interstitial hemorrhage, pyknotic nuclei, and infiltration with leucocytes. Also, kidney sections of animals treated with IC insecticide showed clear proliferation, interstitial hemorrhage, and pyknotic nuclei in glomerular tissue. Furthermore, marked dilatation in renal tubules and urinary spaces were observed. Medullary tubules of the kidney showed interlobular hemorrhage. Partial recovery of histological changes was observed after TQ supplementation. It is concluded that TQ might alleviate histological alteration in the liver and kidney which are induced by IC

Oxidized diphenylamine as a spectrophotometrec reagent for the determination of some pharmaceutical thiols and thioamides

Oxidized diphenylamine is newly utilized as a redox spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of six pharmaceutically important thiol and thioamide drugs named: acetylcystiene, captopril, carbimazole, propylthiouracil, thiopental sodium, and tiopronin. The method is based on measurement of the decrease in absorption intensity of the oxidized diphenylamine [diphenylbenzidine violet, lambda max = 580 nm] reagent as a result of the reduction effect of the analysed drugs This reagent was instantaneously prepared by the oxidation of diphenylamine using ferric sulphate in sulphuric acid medium. The molar ratio of the chromogen reagent was determined to be 2:1; diphenylamine: iron [III]. The decrease in colour intensity was found to be quantitatively dependent on drug concentration. Experimental variables including reagent concentration, acid type and concentration, dilution solvent, reaction time, temperature and stability were studied and optimized. Validation parameters including linearity range, detection and quantitation limits, precision, selectivity and robustness were evaluated. The proposed method was found to be simple, sensitive and accurate one indicated by the studied validation parameters. Good recoveries [98.0 +/- 0.14 - 100%, +/- 0.98] were obtained by the suggested method and it was applied for the determination of the studied drugs in many pharmaceutical dosage forms available in the local market. Good agreement, indicated by acceptable t- and F- tests, was found between results obtained by the suggested method and those obtained by the reported or pharmacopoeial methods

HPLC and spectrophotometric determination of nifuroxazide and its pharmaceutical formulations

Two methods for the quantitative determination of nifuroxazide are described. The first method is based on the HPLC separation of the compound with an ODS reversed phase column using acetonitrile-water [40:60] as mobile phase and spectrophotometric detection at 380 nm. Accelerated stability tests in direct sun light and at elevated temperature were carried out. The second one is a spectrophotometric procedure based on the interaction of the drug with tetraethylammonium hydroxide [TEAH] in dimethylsulphoxide [DMSO] medium at 20 +/- 5C to produce a blue product. The quantitation of the product was carried out at 610 nm [molar absorptivity 2.99 x 104 1 mol-1 cm-1]. A linear correlation was found between absorbance at lambda max and concentration of nifuroxazide in the range 0.5-9.0 mugml1. The two proposed methods were used for the determination of nifuroxazide powder and its dosage form. Both methods are rapid, accurate, precise and their results were comparable with the X-th French pharmacopoeial procedure