ABSTRACT
Ten out of eighty-nine strains biochemically identified as Clostridium perfringens, isolated from bovine organs, were selected by their different results showed in toxigenicity test on mice. Those and the standard strains, ATCC types A, B, C, and D, had their virulence exalted through serial intramuscular inoculation into guinea pigs. Results showed that, for toxigenic strains (6), one or two passages were enough to cause exaltation, while for the atoxigenic (4), five or six inoculations were needed. Esterase electrophoresis of standard and isolated strains, with and without exaltation, was performed. Electrophoresis analysis permits the following conclusions: strains that do not show any clinical symptoms in mice, when exalted demonstrate decreased esterase activity; on the contrary, it is increased when correlated with animal symptoms.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle , Clostridium perfringens , Electrophoresis , VirulenceABSTRACT
Eighty-nine of 144 isolates of Clostridium perfringens abtained from 187 samples of 71 bovine in several Brazilian states were submitted to esterase electrophoresis for typing. Mobilites electrophoresis, as parameter, were settled down by isolates from ATCC pattern of types A, B, C, and D. Of the 89 isolates, 43 (48.3 per cent) were characterized as electrophoretic type A, 20 (22.5 per cent) as D, 18 (20.2 per cent) as C, and 3 (3.4 per cent) as B. Five (5.6 per cent) isolates did not identity with any type. Similarly esterase electrophoresis enabled the typing of 94.4 per cent of the isolates, demonstrating to be an appropriate method for animal sample analyses.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Clostridium perfringens , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Esterases , Clostridium InfectionsABSTRACT
Clinical samples from 71 bovine from different Brazilian states were processed for the analysis of anaerobe organisms with emphasis on the isolation and characterization of Clostridium spp. From these eighty-nine Clostridium perfringens strains were recovered: 32 from liver, 19 from intestinal contents, 14 from kidney, 6 from rumen, 5 from nervous system, 4 from bone marrow, 2 from udder tract, blood, spleen and lung, and one from muscle. Four reference Clostridium perfringens types A, B, C, and D were used as controls in this study. All isolates were cultivated in appropriate media, and after centrifugation the supernatant and sediment were separated. From pure supernatant post exopolysaccharide (EPS) extraction, mouse toxigenicity tests were performed, determining protein and protein plus carbohydrate, respectively. ELISA was performed from sediments. The results showed that 51 (57.3 per cent) of the isolates were toxigenic to mice when inoculated by intraperitoneal route; bacteria from different organs had variable patterns of toxigenicity. Toxigenicity of EPS extracts was only expressed when protein concentration was 0.04 mg/mL and between 0.31 and 0.5 mg/mL for carbohydrate. Isolates were characterized as toxigenic when showing optimum protein and carbohydrate concentrations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Brazil , Cattle , Clostridium perfringens , Carbohydrates , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
A partir de 100 amostras de doces cremosos coletados em 40 padarias e confeitarias da cidade de Sao Paulo (Brasil), foi realizada a contagem de S. aureus por grama de alimento.As cepas isoladas, apos terem sido identificadas morfologica e bioquimicamente, foram submetidas a provas de fagotipagem e a verificacao da capacidade produtora de enterotoxina. Das 100 amostras de doces examinadas, 38,0% foram positivas para S. aureus e originarias de 21 (52,5%) dos 40 estabelecimentos visitados. Do total de doces analisados, 7% foram positivos para cepas enterotoxigenicas sendo 5% do tipo C, 1% do B e 1% do D das 76 cepas isoladas de S. aureus, 39(51,5%) revelaram-se nao fagotipaveis. Das fagotipaveis houve predominancia das que foram lisadas por fagos do grupo I isoladamente (21,2%) ou em associacao com fagos de outros grupos (35,5%) Cepas nao tipaveis de S. aureus estavam presentes em 76,2% dos estabelecimentos em que houve amostras positivas para esta bacteria
Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus , Enterotoxins , Food Microbiology , BrazilABSTRACT
Foram colhidas 105 amostras de manteiga de 5 marcas diferentes vendidas em supermercados da cidade de Sao Paulo (Brasil) com a finalidade de verificar as condicoes microbiologicas de manteigas e compara-las com os padroes recomendados. Semanalmente foi colhida uma amostra de cada marca, durante 21 semanas. A partir da parte aquosa de cada amostra, foram realizadas as contagens de bacterias mesofilas e psicrofilas (em agar padrao e agar gelisato), coliformes, proteoliticas e de bolores e leveduras e os resultados comparados com alguns parametros propostos por varios pesquisadores. Os valores obtidos nas contagens dos varios grupos de microrganismos estudados, em muitos casos podem ser considerados altos, os quais podem ser resultado do processamento e/ou conservacao, realizados em condicoes nao satisfatorias
Subject(s)
Butter , Food Microbiology , BrazilABSTRACT
Foram coletadas 50 amostras de agua usadas na irrigacao de hortalicas em 10 hortas, situadas no municipio de Extremoz e de Sao Goncalo do Amarante, RN (Brasil). A maior parte da producao destas hortas e destinada ao abastecimento do municipio de Natal. Todas as amostras de agua analisadas mostraram-se com numeros elevados de bacterias coliformes totais e fecais e de estreptococos fecais. Em todas as hortas, as aguas utilizadas na irrigacao de hortalicas revelaram-se com poluicao fecal e os valores dos NMP/100 ml, tanto de coliformes totais quanto de coliformes fecais ultrapassaram de muito os limites tolerados pela legislacao brasileira vigente