ABSTRACT
Glycemic control in diabetic patients is a challenging issue and requires pharmacist involvement in the patient care plan and patient's awareness to optimize diabetic regimen
Objectives: the aim of this study is to investigate the role of clinical pharmacist on glycemic control of diabetic patients by insulin therapy management in the endocrine outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital in Jordan
Method: this is a prospective, randomized controlled study carried out in the Endocrine-outpatient clinic in Jordan University Hospital [JUH]. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to intervention [n=50] or control group [n=50]. Newly diagnosed patients with [HbA1c > 10%]; or those who are diabetic with [HbA1c >7%] and taking insulin with or without oral hypoglycemic agents; or patient with [HbA1C > 7%] and on two or more oral hypoglycemic gents for >/= 6 months were recruited either in the intervention group or the control group. Follow up started concurrently with data collection; patients were followed up for 3 months after enrollment. During the first visit demographic data, history of diabetes and diabetes assessment, other chronic disease, anti-diabetic medications and current medications used, adherence to medications, diabetes life style adherence and baseline data for HbA1c, FBG and weight were obtained. Moreover, the patients' medical records were reviewed by the pharmacist to obtain other related information. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version [17.0]. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C [HbA1c], fasting blood glucose [FBG], frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and weight gain were measured
Results: 88 patients completed the study; clinical pharmacist interventions resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c by 1% [p-value <0.001] and fasting blood sugar by [28.44+/-84.62] mg/dl compared to the baseline [p-value=0.029] with a statistically significant difference between both groups [p-value <0.05]. Insignificant difference in weight gain was found between the 2 groups [p-value = 0.117], but with higher significant weight increase in the intervention group from baseline [p-value=0.001]. Although hypoglycemic episodes frequency was significantly higher during the first month in the intervention group compared to the control group [p-value=0.016], none of these episodes required hospitalization
Conclusion: this study supports the role of clinical pharmacist in glycemic control in diabetic insulin users', in a country like Jordan in which clinical pharmacy practice is relatively new
ABSTRACT
Background: this study aimed to evaluate whether fear of hypoglycaemia [FOH] ispresent in diabetic patients receiving oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin and factorsthat can influence it
Methods: this study is a cross sectional survey of diabetic patients attendingendocrine clinics in Jordan University Hospital, King Abdullah University Hospital and Royal Medical Services, from June 2013 till may 2014
Results: out of 326 approached 268 patients participated. The mean age ofparticipants was [49.81+/-14.09], and 141 [52.6%] were females. FOH was present in allpatients and with all antidiabetic medications. Among antidiabetic agents, patientstaking insulin were found to have the highest score of overall FOH [p<0.001]. Level offear correlated with type of diabetes [p<0.01], and being female [p<0.01]. Patientsworking in medical field behavioral fear scores were higher compared with patientsworking in non-medically related field [p<0.01]. In addition, as the duration of diabetesincreases the overall FOH increases [p<0.01]. It had been found that as the FOHincreases the quality of life decreases [p<0.001]
Conclusion: type of diabetes, age and type of antidiabetic agent affect FOH. Diabetes Mellitus duration and gender affect the behavioral scale of hypoglycaemia fear survey. FOH has been found to affect quality of life
ABSTRACT
Total health expenditure in Jordan accounted for 7.72% of the Jordanian GDP in 2011 in which about one third is spent on pharmaceuticals. Number of people with type2 diabetes is increasing in every country, in Jordan; the prevalence of diabetes in adult's >/=25 years of age is 17.1%, while an additional 7.8% of Jordanians have impaired glucose tolerance. The aim was to investigate the impact of adding one DPP-4 inhibitor as an oral hypoglycemic agent to the tender list of Jordanian MoH in the treatment of Type II DM. Quantities purchased by MoH in 2010 for oral hypoglycemic agents were used to calculate how many patients will be treated using these quantities. Annual cost of treating hypoglycaemia caused by oral hypoglycemics and their current acquisition cost were estimated. Costs of treating adverse effects were estimated based on MoH prices. Private pharmacy retail price for Vildaglaptin was used to estimate budget impact of adding this DPP-4 inhibitor to the treatment options for DM patients in the public sector. It was concluded that budget impact of adding Vildaglaptin to the tender list of MoH seems to have a very good potential of savings that is badly needed to treat more DM patients
ABSTRACT
Design and develop a market driven pharmacy study plan with new tracks
Identifying locally determined needs and services and using those to facilitate comprehensive education development toward achieving competencies. Comparative analysis for current study plans of several pharmacy schools combined with a multi-stakeholder in the pharmaceutical industry interviewing approach for an assessment of the needs of the community regarding pharmacy profession
Needs-based education, ongoing consultation and co-operation between related stakeholders including higher education policy makers. Development of Pharmaceutical business and Pharmaceutical industry new tracks as an initiative in Jordan followed by implementation of this outcomes-based education strategy
Providing market driven study plan to serve the local, regional and international community by skilful professional pharmacy graduates will satisfy pharmaceutical industry needs. Persistence toward successful implementation of this initiative in Jordan will encourage other areas of the world to follow as per their local market needs
ABSTRACT
Multinational pharmaceutical companies and generic drug manufacturers have long been at odds over "dataexclusivity" regulations. The latter requires a waiting period of at least five years before they can access valuableclinical trial data necessary to bring less expensive forms of innovative drugs to market. Jordan has implemented Dataexclusivity since joining the World Trade Organization and signing Free Trade Agreement with the United State in2001. Before 2001 Jordan allowed Jordanian Pharmaceutical companies to "copy" molecules of MultinationalPharmaceutical companies and sell them under their own trade names. The arrival of the product patent and dataexclusivity meant that Jordanian pharmaceutical companies could no longer copy. This has created lot of problems forthe Jordanian Pharmaceutical companies as their Research and Development for new molecules is at a very emergingstage. The purpose of this study was to find out what is the effect of the application of data exclusivity on thepharmaceutical sector in Jordan.After analyzing 140 medicines used in treating chronic diseases in Jordan in the period between 2004 and 2010 inJordan. It was found that at least 16 % of these 140 medicines had no competition from a generic equivalent as a resultof data exclusivity. This was perceived negatively by local pharmaceutical companies as the originator companies wererelying mainly on the use of data exclusivity instead of patents to preclude generic competition. Data exclusivity wasone of the main reasons behind the delay of the presence of the equivalent generic drug in Jordan contributed to risingof the pharmaceutical expenditure in Jordan
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of Over The Counter drugs [OTC] prices' deregulation policy in Jordan. Two comprehensive questionnaires were designed; one for pharmacists [retailers] and the other for patients [consumers]; 311 pharmacies and 1545 patients were randomly included. The majority of pharmacists' sample [response rate=96.8%] confirmed that medicines' prices are crucial to Jordanians living in a lower middle income country who cannot afford prices increase, and paracetamol [the most commonly utilized OTC product in Jordan] price deregulation will lead to an increase in its price. However, most pharmacists tend to cooperate rather than compete in setting up OTC prices if deregulated. Moreover, most of the patients' samples [response rate=96.6%] confirmed that paracetamol price deregulation will not decrease its price. The study concludes that prices of paracetamol products are to increase if deregulated. Given current Jordanian economic situation, it is recommended that OTC drugs' prices should be kept controlled