Système National de Pharmacovigilance au Niger : a propos d'un cas de syndrome de Lyell associé au Cotrimoxazole

A partir de 2015, le programme national de lutte contre le paludisme (PNLP) du Niger a mis à grande échelle la chimioprévention du paludisme saisonnier (CPS) avec la sulfadoxine pyriméthamine plus amodiaquine(SPAQ). Le Ministère de la santé publique a saisie l'opportunité pour renforcer le système national des vigilances (SNV).Nous rapportons un cas de syndrome de Lyell dû au cotrimoxazole (Triméthoprime sulfaméthoxazole)dans son aspect clinique, pronostic et thérapeutique.Il s'agissait d'une patiente de soixante ans, soufrantd'une diarrhée et admise au centre de santé intégré (CSI) de Maijirgui au Niger. Elle a été traitée avec du cotrimoxazole. Quelques jours après, elle était léthargique et les yeux enfoncés. L'examen du système cutanéo-phanérien, laisse apparaitre un vaste décollement cutané faisant le tour du thorax, s'étendant à toutl'abdomen et prenant les deux membres thoraciques.Cette perte de l'épiderme laissait découvrir un derme rouge suintant à nu. Tout ceci réalisait un décollement épidermique en « linges mouillées » avec une atteinte de plus 70% de la surface corporelle. A l'examen des muqueuses, on note au niveau buccal des ulcérations muqueuses recouvertes de croutes. On notait également une érosion des paupières supérieures et une conjonctivite diffuse. Malgré son évacuation à l'hôpital national de Zinder, elle fut décédée à l'admission.Le syndrome de Lyell ou nécrolyse épidermique toxique est une dermatose bulleuse grave et rare, le plus souvent d'origine médicamenteuse. Toute distribution de masse de médicaments doit s'accompagner d'un renforcement du SNV pour rechercher, documenter et prendre en charge rapidement les évènements indésirables

Avaliação da técnica de coloração AgNOR em testículos de ovinos / Evaluation of the AgNOR staining method in ovine testicles

A coloração pela prata das regiões organizadoras de nucléolos (NORs) é caracterizada por marcar proteínas ligadas ao ácido ribonucleico ribossômico, avaliando a proliferação em células normais ou neoplásicas. Objetivou-se estudar, em testículos de ovinos obtidos em matadouro, a validade do uso da técnica de coloração pela prata (AgNOR) na identificação das regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (NORs) em células saudáveis da linhagem espermatogênica. Utilizaram-se 43 pares de testículos de ovinos mestiços entre seis e 10 meses de idade. Testes de Wilcoxon e Spearman foram empregados, com nível de 5%. As médias das NORs nas células das gônadas direita e esquerda foram, respectivamente: espermatogônia (8,77±1,14 e 9,04±0,96), espermatócitos (4,99±2,00 e 6,20±2,07; P<0,05), Leydig (8,05±2,82 e 7,89±2,29) e Sertoli (8,07±1,88 e 7,61±2,16; P<0,05). Houve correlação (P<0,05) entre os lados para o número de NORs: espermatócitos x Leydig (0,49); espermatócitos x Sertoli (0,49) e Leydig x Sertoli (0,96). Conclui-se ser válido o emprego da técnica AgNOR para avaliar o potencial proliferativo das células saudáveis em testículos de ovinos com prática execução e baixo custo.(AU)

The silver staining technique for AgNOR nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) is characterized by marking proteins linked to the ribosomal ribonucleic acid, evaluating cell proliferation. The aim was to study the validity of the AgNOR staining technique in the testicular cell proliferation in crossbred ovine. Forty-three pairs of ovine testicles between 6 and 10 months old were collected. Wilcoxon and Spearman tests were used with a significance level of 5%. The mean NORs count in cells of the right and left gonads were respectively: spermatogonia (8.77±1.14 and 9.04±0.96), spermatocytes (4.99±2.00 and 6.20±2.07, P<0.05), Leydig (8.05±2.82 and 7.89±2.29) and Sertoli cells (8.07±1.88 and 7.61±2.16; P<0.05). There was a correlation between the mean values for the right and left sides for the number of NORs (P<0.05) between Leydig x spermatocytes (0.49); spermatocytes x Sertoli (0.49) and Sertoli x Leydig (0.96). The study demonstrates that the AgNOR staining technique is indicated to evaluate the cell proliferative potential in ovine testis with practical implementation and low cost.(AU)

Indigenous foot and mouth disease control methods among nomadic cattle fulanis in Adamawa state, Nigeria

This study analyzed the indigenous foot and mouth disease control methods among nomadic cattle Fulani herders in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected by the use of semi-structured questionnaire administered to randomly selected 363 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, frequency distribution and regression analysis. Result of the analysis of socio-economic characteristics of respondents showed that majority were above 40 years of age [87.9%], 94.5% were married and only 16.5% acquired formal education. On the average there were eight persons per household and about 80% of the respondents had more than 24 years of cattle herding experience. Twenty eight control methods were identified to be in practice among the respondents. Result of the regression analysis between socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and use of indigenous foot and mouth disease control methods showed that coefficient of age was positive and significant at 1% level, while household size and experience were positive and significant at 5% level. Deforestation and concealment of indigenous control methods by the custodians among others were found to be the constraints against the utilization of indigenous foot and mouth control methods. The study concluded that indigenous control methods were well established and practice among herders who are well experienced and knowledgeable. It is recommended that laws banning bush burning and indiscriminate tree felling be re- enforced in order to preserve indigenous herbs to avert possible extinction. There is a greater need for extension workers and services to be strengthened so as to incorporate the indigenous methods used by the herders

Cancer of the cervix in unscreened West African women

Background: Cancer of the cervix remains an important health problem amongst women worldwide. Widespread comprehensive cervical cancer control programs have resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence and mortality in most developed countries. Developing countries bear over 80 of the global burden; with only 5 of the global resources for the control of cancer. Majority of the cases in these countries present late and are incurable at the time of diagnosis. Aim: To review the presentation and histopathological types of cervical cancer cases seen in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano; over a sixteen-year period (1995-2010). Materials and Methods: Case records of histopathologically diagnosed cases of cancer of the cervix were retrieved. Demographic data; stage of the tumor at presentation; and histopathologic type were extracted. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Six hundred and sixty gynecological cancers were seen during the study period; with cancer of the cervix accounting for 58.5 (386/660) cases. Among these cases with cancer of the cervix 71.1 (275/386) were grand multiparous and majority 89.7 346/386 presented with advanced disease. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 86.3 (333/386) of the cancers; adenocarcinoma contributed 12.4;(48/386) and others contributed 1.3(5/386). Conclusion: Cancer of the cervix is the commonest gynecological cancer at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital; Kano; Nigeria. SCC is the commonest histological type