ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The postmortem diagnosis of death by drowning is one of the most difficult issues in forensic pathology. We investigated possible evidence differentiating saltwater drowning from freshwater drowning by histopathological changes in brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys tissues. A cross section descriptive study was carried out on eighteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats; they were divided equally into 3 groups. Group 1: control group; Group 2: death by drowning in freshwater; Group 3: death by drowning in saltwater. Immediately after death, all tested organs were removed and fixed for histopathological examination. The brain of freshwater group depicted degenerated neurocytes with dystrophic changes in the form of shrunken cell, pyknotic nuclei and deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm. The heart showed clear evidence of myocyte injuries in saltwater drowning compared to the control and freshwater groups. The kidneys of rats drown in saltwater revealed more glomerular destruction with no differences in tubulo-interstitial changes in comparison with those drown in freshwater. In the lungs, the changes in freshwater were restricted to the alveoli, and the bronchial changes were more distinctive in saltwater. No disturbed liver architecture was seen in both test groups, however hydropic degeneration, congested vessels, and sinusoids were more distinct in saltwater group. In conclusion, diagnostic differentiation between fresh and saltwater drowning was reliable in rats' lungs and heart with minimal differentiation in liver, kidneys, and brain. Further studies of drowning with different staining techniques will help to clarify the potential role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicator of drowning.
RESUMEN: El diagnóstico post mortem de muerte por ahogamiento es uno de los temas más difíciles de la patología forense. Investigamos la posible evidencia que diferencia el ahogamiento en agua salada del ahogamiento en agua dulce por cambios histopatológicos en los tejidos del cerebro, el corazón, los pulmones, el hígado y los riñones. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en dieciocho ratas Wistar macho de 12 semanas de edad; se dividieron por igual en 3 grupos. Grupo 1: grupo control; Grupo 2: muerte por ahogamiento en agua dulce; Grupo 3: muerte por ahogamiento en agua salada. Inmediatamente después de la muerte, se extirparon todos los órganos analizados y se fijaron para el examen histopatológico. El cerebro del grupo de agua dulce mostró neurocitos degenerados con cambios distróficos en forma de células encogidas, núcleos picnóticos y citoplasma profundamente eosinofílico. El corazón mostró una clara evidencia de lesiones de miocitos en los ahogamientos en agua salada en comparación con los grupos de control y de agua dulce. Los riñones de ratas ahogadas en agua salada revelaron una mayor destrucción glomerular sin diferencias en los cambios túbulo-intersticiales en comparación con las ahogadas en agua dulce. En los pulmones, los cambios en agua dulce se restringieron a los alvéolos y los cambios bronquiales fueron más distintivos en agua salada. No se observó una arquitectura hepática alterada en ambos grupos de prueba, sin embargo, la degeneración hidrópica, los vasos congestionados y los sinusoides fueron más distintos en el grupo de agua salada. En conclusión, la diferenciación diagnóstica entre ahogamiento en agua dulce y salada fue confiable en los pulmones y el corazón de las ratas con una diferenciación mínima en el hígado, los riñones y el cerebro. Estudios adicionales de ahogamiento con diferentes técnicas de tinción ayudarán a aclarar el papel potencial de los cambios histopatológicos en los órganos del cuerpo como indicador de ahogamiento.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Saline Waters , Drowning/pathology , Fresh Water , Brain/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Rats, Wistar , Forensic Medicine , Kidney/pathology , Liver/pathology , Lung/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate fracture resistance and survival rate of IPS Empress CAD versus Polished Celtra Duo ceramic laminate veneers. Material and Methods:Thirty-six ceramic laminate veneers were fabricated for maxillary anterior teeth. The patients were divided into two groups according to the material Group 1(control group) fabricated from IPS Empress CAD laminate veneers and group 2 (intervention group) fabricated from Polished Celtra Duo laminate veneers. Standardized the same preparation with butt joint design and chamfer finish line located supra gingival were performed for all the teeth. The fabrication of the veneers was performed using Cad\Cam (Ceramill motion) machine, with software (Exocad). The veneers surfaces were treated and silanated according to the manufacture instruction of each ceramic and enamel surfaces were etched where total etch adhesive protocol was obeyed using BISCO. Follow up sessions were done every two months up to one year for each patient using dental probe and operator vision to evaluate the fracture, survival rate, marginal adaptation, sensitivity and caries. according to USPHS criteria (United States Public Health Service). This was performed by an experienced, blinded investigator. Results: Fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, retention, caries and sensitivity were evaluated according to the criteria of USPHS and we found there is no significant difference as both groups scaled zero score. Conclusion: Both IPS Empress Cad and Polished Celtra Duo laminate veneers revealed successful clinical performance in terms of fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, retention, and sensitivity after one year follow up period (AU)
Objetivo: Avaliar a resistência à fratura e a taxa de sobrevivência de laminados de cerâmica IPS Empress CAD versus Celtra Duo polidos. Material e Métodos: Trinta e seis facetas cerâmicas laminadas foram confeccionadas para dentes anteriores superiores. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o material Grupo 1 (grupo controle) confeccionado com laminados IPS Empress CAD e grupo 2 (grupo intervenção) confeccionado com laminados Celtra Duo polidos. A mesma forma de preparo e acabamento de chanfro localizado supra-gengival padronizados foram realizados para todos os dentes. A confecção das facetas foi realizada em máquina Cad \ Cam (Ceramill motion), com software (Exocad). As superfícies laminadas foram tratadas e silanizadas de acordo com as instruções do fabricante de cada cerâmica e as superfícies de esmalte foram condicionadas seguindo o protocolo adesivo de condicionamento ácido total com BISCO. Sessões de acompanhamento foram realizadas a cada dois meses durante um ano para cada paciente usando sonda exploradora e visão do operador para avaliar a fratura, taxa de sobrevivência, adaptação marginal, sensibilidade e cárie; de acordo com os critérios USPHS (Serviço de Saúde Pública dos Estados Unidos). Isso foi realizado por um investigador experiente e cego. Resultados: a resistência à fratura, adaptação marginal, retenção, cárie e sensibilidade foram avaliadas de acordo com os critérios da USPHS e não encontramos diferença significativa, pois ambos os grupos escalonaram pontuação zero. Conclusão: As facetas laminadas IPS Empress Cad e Celtra Duo polido revelaram desempenho clínico bem-sucedido em termos de resistência à fratura, adaptação marginal, retenção e sensibilidade após um período de acompanhamento de um ano. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Dental Caries , Dental Veneers , Dentin Sensitivity , Flexural StrengthABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Spinosad (SPD) is a highly selective insect control product. However, it was reported that SPD has toxicity toward other non-target organisms. This study was conducted to address the toxic effect of two sub-chronic low and high doses; 35 and 350 mg/kg SPD on some biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters of the liver, kidney and cerebellum. Thirty-six male Swiss mice were divided into three groups of 12 mice each; first group (G1) served as a control, second group (G2) received a low sub-chronic dose of SPD that is equal to 35 mg/kg, and third group (G3) received a high sub-chronic dose of SPD that is equal to 350 mg/kg. The results showed that mice which were received 350 mg/kg SPD showed a significant decrease in the body weight and a significant increase in their relative kidney and spleen weights. They also showed a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides and urea levels. Histopathological examination showed cytoplasmic degeneration and cell necrosis in the liver and kidney. Immunohistochemical examination showed that cerebellum illustrated several neurodegenerative changes and a down-regulation of synaptophysin-Syp. In conclusion, exposure to a high dose of SPD that is equal to 350 mg/kg could cause a marked toxicity on the liver, kidney and cerebellum in male albino mice.
ABSTRACT
There are many different treatment modalities for nocturnal enuresis. Options of treatment include behavior modifications and pharmacotherapy. The latter includes a scope of drugs like 1-deamine - 8 - D arginine vasopressin [D D A V P], tricyclic antidepressants. anticholinergics and other drugs. Aim of work is to study the efficacy of sympathomimetics [e.q ephedrine] in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Two hundred patients selected after complete history, examination, laborator, radiological and urodynamic study, those patients were given ephedrine HCL according to their age for 2 months and followed for 6 months. Complete dry bed: 172 patients [86%] within the first 2 weeks of treatment and the number increased to reach 189 patients [92%] after 2 months of treatment. Eight patients [4%] complained of relapse after 3 months of stoppage of treatment and the number increased after 6 months of stoppage of treatment to 13 patients [6.5%]. Alpha sympathomimetics [ephedrine HCL] is a cheap, simple, easy, effective and safe method for nocturnal enuresis treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Enuresis/drug effects , Urination Disorders , Ephedrine , Urodynamics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
One hundred and sixty eight healthy women were subjected to this study. The age ranging from 16-35 years, parity ranging from 1-6 and weight from 60-80 Kg. They are classified into four groups. The first group consisting of 64 women, they were medicated with high dose oral contraceptive pills for 6 months. The 2nd group consisting of 60 women, medicated with low dose pills for 6 months. The 3rd group women were 27 in number, medicated by medroxyprogesterone acetate [Depo-provera] 150 mg/ml every 3 months, injected twice for 6 months as a contraceptive. The 4th group members were 17 women, medicated with norplant 6 caps, subdermally placed for 6 months. Blood samples were collected for the study of serum probation, before medication with different hormonal contraceptives [Control group] and 6 months after beginning medication with hormonal contraceptives the menstrual pattern as well as any side effects of hormonal contraceptives were reported. The Graafian follicle growing patterns were detected by use of real time sonography before, and 6 months after the beginning of medication. A] Results of Serum prolactin Samples: a- Control group: [n = 168]-Prior to commencing hormonal contraceptives. The hormonal level was within normal limits [mean = 15 +/- 5 SD]. b- In First group of high dose pills[n= 64]: serum prolactin level is increased in 5 1.6% of patients of this group with range 27-96 ng/ml. c- Low dose pills group: [n=60],Serum was elevated only in 28.33% of cases with range from 27-90 ng/ml. d-. Depo-provera 150 mg/mI every 3 months group: 27, serum prolactin was elevated in 36% withtherange3l-68 ng/ml e- Norplant 2 capsyles-subdermnally plaed: [n=17], serum prolactin was elevated in 29.3% with the range of 48-86 ng/ml. In all the above four groups, the elevation of serum prolactin was insignificant elevation. Results of Ultrasonography -of Graafian Follicles: Ultrasonography was used to compare follicular diameter before and after subjection to hormonal contraceptives, at midcycle. There was a significant difference between the follicular diameter in control group, and that of the 4 groups subjected to hormonal contraceptives