ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to observe the morphometric changes in the testes of albino rats exposed to lead acetate. Experimental animal study. This study was conducted from January to April, 2009 at National Institute of Health Islamabad. Animals were obtained from the animal house of N.I.H and were divided into two groups A and B. The animals in group A were used as control, while those of groups B were treated with lead acetate that was given intraperitonially in the dose of 4mg/kg body weight, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks the animals of group A [control] and group B [experimental] were sacrificed by an overdose of ether anesthesia. The testes were fixed in formalin and then processed for paraffin embedding. Five micrometer thick section were cut, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and observed microscopically for germinal epithelium thickness and the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. The histological comparison of testes of both groups of animals showed that after six weeks, the width of germinal epithelium and the number of spermatogenic cells had decreased in the test group as compared to the control group [p<0.05] and in majority of the seminiferous tubules, the basement membrane was disrupted
ABSTRACT
To investigate the variations in the total number of segmental arteries in human kidneys obtained from cadavers of the local adult population. Observational Study. This study was conducted at Anatomy Department of University of Health Sciences, Lahore, for a period of one year from October 2006 to October 2007. Forty four adult human kidneys were obtained after autopsy; they were randomly divided in two groups A and B of right and left kidneys respectively. Simple blunt dissection and corrosion cast techniques were used to study the number of segmental arteries. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 16.0 and STATA version 8.0. Segmental arteries were present in 100% of specimens of groups A and B; variations were seen in the number of segmental arteries of both groups. The segmental branches of renal artery in local population showed variations different from those reported in the earlier work carried out in other countries