Calcification of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee: a rare cause of acute knee pain

Calcification of the lateral collateral ligament is a rare phenomenon, which can cause acute knee pain. The management is usually conservative and there is subsequent resolution of the calcification seen on initial radiographs. It is important to exclude more sinister pathology such as septic arthritis as a cause of pain. We report the case of an elderly lady who presented with acute knee pain. Initial radiographs showed calcification at the lateral aspect of the knee joint. The pain settled with conservative management. Resorption of calcification was demonstrated on subsequent radiographs

Doppler indices in fetoplacental and uteroplacental circulation at 22 weeks of gestation

Doppler has revolutionized the field of obstetrics since its introduction in late 1950's. Useful information is obtained during second half of pregnancy and pregnancies with high resistance can be determined. A total number of 100 patients were studied in Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 01 June 2002 to 25 January 2003. Normal pregnant women with 20 weeks of gestation, from all socioeconomic strata and singleton pregnancy were included in the study. Doppler examination was performed and the range of normal indices determined from all the four vessels. Descriptive statistical analysis of data was carried out. For umbilical artery mean PI was 1.48 [range = 0.92-1.91] RI was 0.78 [range = 0.64-0.84] S/D ratio was 4.68 [range = 3.84-5.6] For uterine artery mean PI was 1.18 [range = 0.69-1.86] RI was 0.54 [range = 0.44-0.66] and S/D ratio was 2.18 [range = 1.92-2.36] for fetal aorta mean PI was 1.94 [range = 1.54-2.42] RI was 0.80 [range = 0.68-0.88] S/D ratio was 6.22 [range = 3.18-6.94]. For MCH PI was 1.86 [range = 1.44-2.30] RI was 0.84 [range = 0.72-0.88] S/D ratio was 5.64 [range = 3.22-7.1]. The determined range of Doppler indices in our study varies as compared to international data. This variation equipment used difference in time of gestation and site of vessel under study

Role of imaging in renal transplant complications - a hospital based study

Thirty five thousands patients receive renal transplants every year world wide. This study was conducted to determine and evaluate the diagnostic role and accuracy of Ultrasonography including Doppler analysis and Radionuclide Scanning in patients with renal transplant complications. It was an observational study. Cases were collected from AFIU, MH and Jinnah Memorial Hospital Rawalpindi. Ultrasound and Doppler analyses were done in the Radiology Department of CMH Rawalpindi. Renal isotope scans were performed at NMC Rawalpindi. A total number of 52 patients were studied. Male female ratio was 42 to 10 [80.8% to 19.2%]. The post-transplant duration was 02 days to 06 years. The most frequent complications were peri-transplant fluid collection [27%], followed by rejection of transplant [25%] and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity [11.54%]. Other complications which were also observed were Acute Tubular Necrosis [7.69%] and hydronephrosis [15.4%]. Ultrasound is excellent modality to evaluate location, volume and change in volume of Perinephric fluid collection. Radionuclide imaging detects altered or diminished renal function due to acute tubular necrosis, rejection of transplant and toxicity from medications. Radionuclide imaging is most useful modality for assessing renal function. Standard for evaluating vascular complications is angiography, however duplex Doppler ultrasound is an excellent non invasive method for screening. Other transplant complications like abnormalities of collecting system and renal parenchyma are well evaluated by both ultrasound and radionuclide imaging