ABSTRACT
Aim:This study investigated the curative effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indicaon Ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rat Study Design:This is an experimental researchPlace of Research:Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology.Methodology:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 was control and received oral normal saline 0.5ml daily. Group 2-6 had induction of nephrotoxicity using oral Ibuprofen 400mg/Kg daily for 5 days. Group 3-5 were subsequently treated with gavage Azadirachta indicaleaf extract 200mg/Kg, 400mg/Kg and 800mg/Kg, respectively, for 5 days. And Group 6 was treated with oral Vitamin E 1000 iu/kg for 5 days Results:Ibuprofen induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum creatinine level in group 2 (1.99 ± 0.83), when compared to 0.48 ± 0.07 obtained in group 1 (control), and Bowman’s capsule enlargement with glomerular degeneration observed in group 2. The serum creatinine levels progressively approached the level of that of the control in groups treated with Azadirachta indicaleaf extract, groups 3 (1.69 ± 0.52), 4 (0.69 ± 0.10) and 5 (0.49 ± 0.10). Also, the histoarchitecture progressively normalized to that of control with each increase in dose of the extract.Conclusion:Azadirachta indica(neem) leaf extract administration led to the resolution of Ibuprofen-induced kidney injury in this study. Thus, it can serve as a treatment option for kidney injury resulting from ingestion of Ibuprofen, after the identification of the molecule responsible for this effect.
ABSTRACT
Ethylene-glycol (EG) induced nephrolithiasis is a known model of kidney stone in experimental rodents.Nephrolithiasis is treatable with an antilithiatic and lithotriptic drug. Decoction of Crinum giganteum Andrews(CG) bulb, a medicinal herb is used in folklore medicine to manage urinary tract diseases including kidney stone.The antilithiatic effects of Crinum giganteum Andrews bulb extract was investigated using biochemical andhistological parameters on ethylene-glycol nephrolithiatic rat model and compared with cystone (a knownantilithiatic drug). Twenty rats were randomized into a control group (N=4) which received water (vehicle) andexperimental groups (N-16) that received 1% ethylene-glycol in water and subdivided into negative control (only1% EG in drinking water) and treatment groups which were given 200mg/kg/bw, 400mg/kg/bw of ethanolic bulbextracts of CG and 100mg/kg/bw of cystone orally for 21 days. The EG elevated urinary and serum calcium,protein and creatinine, and reduced magnesium concentrations. These were accompanied by microcrystal depositsin kidney sections. But, the ethanolic bulb extract and cystone treatments reversed the above biochemical andhistopathological effects. The ethanolic bulb extract of CG exhibited comparable antilithiatic effect with cystoneon ethylene-glycol-induced nephrolithiasis. Thus, the extract showed positive indication of its use in folkloremedicine.