ABSTRACT
Objective:This study aimed to describe the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of WPVagainst HCWs in Nigeria. Methods:Asystematic review was conducted using pre-defined keywords. The review was performed in line with the PRISMAguidelines on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) elements for this study were as follows: Population:Nigerian Healthcare workers; Intervention: Exposure to WPV; Comparator: Non-exposure to WPV; Outcome: Mental and Physical health outcomes of exposure to WPV. Of the 18,140 articles retrieved, 15 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In all, 3,245 HCWs were included, and consisted majorly of nurses and doctors. Results:The overall prevalence of WPV(Physical > Verbal/Psychological > Sexual) against HCWs ranged between 39.1%-100%. The predictors of WPVare younger ages (AOR = 2.513, p = 0.012), working in psychiatric unit (AOR = 11.182, p = 0.006), and increased frequency of interaction with patients, and mostly perpetrated by patients and their relatives. Many health facilities lacked a formal reporting system and policies to protect HCWs from WPV. Conclusion:WPVagainst HCWs is a public health problem in Nigeria with dire implications on HCWs; the victims, and the aggressor. Administrators of health facilities should design protocols for WPVreporting, recognition, and management. Patient and 'relatives' education on the 'facilities' policy against WPVshould be undertaken, while orientation sessions on the risk factors for HCWs are scheduled.
Subject(s)
Occupational Risks , Workplace Violence , Occupational Health , Health Personnel , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
Burnout among physicians is a global phenomenon which has been under-reported in middle and low-income economies. The importance of burn-out on the physicians' well-being, patient care and overall health care system cannot be overemphasized. In Nigeria, few studies are specific to burnout, with most of the available studies exploring psychosocial issues at physicians' workplace stress and job dissatisfaction. This present review of literature is assessing burnout among Nigerian Physicians. This review is designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review identified observational, review, longitudinal and experimental studies on Nigerian physicians between 1970- 2017, which have the full text in the English language. The articles were searched from online databases such as PUBMED, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), African Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar by researchers. The keywords used include "Physician", "Nigeria", "burn-out" syndrome. The prevalence of 23.6% to 51.7% burnout was reported among physicians in the selected studies, with young age being a strong predictor for burnout. High burden of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were reported in the study carried out among resident doctors who are early career doctors. The prevalence of burnout reported from these studies in Nigeria is very high, although they are within the globally reported range of physician burnout. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of information on the subject matter among Nigerian Physicians. There is a need to carry out more studies on burnout among Nigerian Physicians
Subject(s)
Burnout, Psychological , Nigeria , PhysiciansABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate the role of iron status in cervical carcinogenesis through its involvement in the Haber-Weis and Fenton reactions serving as a pathway to carcinogenesis and using 8-oxo-7, 8- dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) as a marker of DNA oxidation in a population where iron deficiency is prevalent. Study Design: It is a cross sectional study. Place of Study: The patients were recruited from the colposcopy clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The laboratory investigations were carried out at the Haematology and Chemical Pathology laboratories of UCH, Ibadan and Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. Methodology: Forty-five subjects with CIN and 41 with normal Pap smear result (non-CIN) were recruited. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on demographic characteristics, dietary, social and medical history. Fasting blood sample were collected to assess for serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation. Urine was also collected to analyze for creatinine and 8-oxodG. Results: The CIN subjects had more babies; > 5 than non-CIN subjects (P=.003). The individuals with > 5 children were 4 times more likely to have CIN [OR 3.79 (95% CI 1.3-10.33), P=.01]. CIN subjects had higher serum iron and transferrin saturation than non-CIN subjects. Though the mean urinary 8-oxodG level similar between the two groups, there was a trend towards higher levels in individuals with high grade CIN. Conclusion: High serum iron level was linked to frequent ingestion of iron supplement and may contribute to progression of CIN with a potential role for urinary 8-oxodG as a useful bio indicator of altered iron homeostasis and associated DNA damage.
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants and drugs are usually abused through wrong dose usage. These practises may pose a great health risk to the users. The objective of this work is to compare the effect of chronic administration of extract of Landolphia owariensis and Chloroquine phosphate on the activities of enzymes in the kidney, liver, and serum. The methanol extract of Landolphia owariensis and Chloroquine phosphate were administered orally to albino rats on daily doses of 250mg/kg and the activities of enzymes were monitored for 12 days. A total of 36 albino rats were divided into three. Chloroquine phosphate was administered to 12 rats, Landolphia owariensis was administered to another 12 rats and saline solution was administered to the remaining 12 as control. The results revealed that the rats administered with Landolphia owariensis showed an insignificant increase in alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in both liver and kidney. The activity of enzymes in the liver and kidney decreases significantly with chloroquine administration P< 0.05. The comparative studies of the chloroquine and Landolphia owariensis extract showed that chronic administration of chloroquine has detrimental effect on tissues, while the chronic administration of Landolphia owariensis extract causes little or no damage to the tissues.