ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness currently ravaging the world in pandemic proportions. Its route of spread and a high degree of infectivity make it easily transmissible within health care settings. Health workers, who are at particular risk of workplace-related infection, should be familiar with and abide by international best practices for infection prevention and control at work to protect themselves and their patients. This is particularly important so that they can continue to provide muchneeded care. We present a review of international best practices and guidelines to prevent COVID-19 infection in the clinical space in the Nigerian context. Our focus is on strategies for administrative control, patient management, and environmental cleaning and waste management
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Disease Transmission, InfectiousABSTRACT
Background: The use of routine episiotomy is now less favoured among obstetricians. Given considerable evidence, it use increases maternal morbidity without evidence to support maternal or neonatal benefit. Objectives: To determine the current rate of episiotomy among parturients delivering at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria and to identify factors associated with episiotomy. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted using the delivery records between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2012. Information was obtained from the delivery register and medical records. There were 802 booked patients who had singleton vaginal deliveries between the studied periods. A total of 728 of these patients’ case records were obtained for analysis using SPSS 17. Results: The incidence of episiotomy was 9.3%. Those age <20 years, nulliparous, those who had assisted breech and instrumental deliveries had more episiotomy (P <0.0001). All the instrumental deliveries and most assisted breech deliveries (67%) were taken by the doctors. Episiotomies were more common when doctors took deliveries (Doctor vs. Nurses: 28.6% vs. 5.8%) (P <0.0001). Conclusion: While this study has identified factors associated with episiotomy, the episiotomy rate remain within normal rate at the studied centre. It is pertinent that health care providers always bear in mind the standard indications for episiotomy. This will go a long way in reducing the episiotomy rate and maintaining the recommended WHO rate of 10%.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This study was conducted to assess the Length of Stay (LOS) of surgical inpatients and compared factors associated. Study Design: Retrospective review of records. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Review of records of 404 inpatients who had surgery from January to December, 2010 was conducted. Methodology: Information was collected on socio-demographic, LOS and other variables related to the surgical procedure with the aid of a semi-structured pro-forma. Cost of care was estimated using hospital billing documents. LOS was summarized using median with 25th-75th percentile. LOS was categorized into ≤ 7 and >7 days. Chi square test was used to compare factors associated with LOS. Level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: The median age of patients was 30 years with inter-quartile range of 13-42 years. Males were 257(63.6%). Overall median LOS was 11 days with an inter-quartile range of 5-20 days. In all, 254(63%) stayed longer than 7 days. Longer stay was statistically significant in 141(75%) of patients who had emergency surgery (p<.001), 35(87.5%) Neurological Surgery (p=.01), 188 (66.9%) General anaesthesia (p=.02), and 64(81.0%) of those who had blood transfusion (p<.001). Conclusion: Prolonged LOS was experienced by a high proportion of surgical inpatient at University College Hospital, Ibadan. Types of surgery, emergency surgery, higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade and blood transfusion were the factors identified to have led to longer LOS. These factors are non-modifiable. There is therefore a need for a prospective research to identify modifiable and hospital related factors responsible for prolonged LOS of surgical inpatients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fruit consumption helps to promote health and prevent chronic diseases. Adequate knowledge of the determinants of fruit intake is necessary in order to be more effective in promoting its intake among adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to examine the determinants of fruit consumption among adolescent in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among Senior Secondary School students in a public school in Ibadan- North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 294 respondents completed a structured self-administered questionnaire. Associations were explored with the chi square test, predictors of fruit intake were determined with logistic regression; level of significance was 5%. Results: Respondents above 14 years were 159 (54%). Only 244 (83%) lived with both parents. In all 233 (79%) had four or less siblings. Apple is the fruit preferred by 165(56%) of the respondents. Only 27 (12%) out of the 229 that had fruit consumption the month preceding the study had adequate intake. Among children of mothers who were civil servants 23 (89%) ate fruit in the month preceding the study (p<0.05). The significant determinants of fruit intake were mothers who were professionals (OR:3.8(1.562- 20.690)), supportive physical environment (OR: 3.0 (1.148- 5.744)) and number of siblings ≤4 (OR:2.3 (1.093- 4.83)) P<0.05. Conclusions: Fruit intake has been shown to be low in the study population. Personal interest is not a determinant of fruit intake in this study there is therefore need to increase the level of awareness with regard to the benefit of fruit consumption in ensuring health. Effort to reduce the price of fruits and increase its availability is also important.