ABSTRACT
@#This study aimed to review the availability of sugar-free medicine available in the market using the online Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS) Malaysia 2016. Data collection was obtained from product information (PI) for prescription medications contained in the MIMS Malaysia 2016. Concise information for each product was collected based on therapeutic class groupings. The therapeutic class obtained from PI was assigned to one of the 11 major therapeutic classes. PI that stated its use in paediatrics was further reviewed for the availability of sugar free ingredient. Each product was then allocated into the poison groups: Group B, Group C and Non-Scheduled Poison. A total of 282 PI items from 336 companies in MIMS Malaysia 2016 that satisfied our eligibility criteria were reviewed. Of the 282 PI items reviewed, most of the products, 169 (59.9%) were sugarbased product, while 87 (30.9%) of them belong to sugar free products. Our study found that most of the medicines reviewed in the MIMS Malaysia 2016 were under Group C (134 of total 282). There is still a high number of sugar-containing medicines despite the promotion of sugar-free medication. Therefore, consumers need to be educated on the use of sugar-free medicines in children to increase the demand and availability in the market.
ABSTRACT
To characterize the disease causing mutation in a large consanguineous Pakistani family with severe Mal de Meleda [MDM] or keratosis palmoplantaris transgrediens, a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder. Single nucleotide polymorphism [SNPs] genotyping was performed using the GeneChip Mapping 250K array [Affymetrix]. Homozygosity mapping and sorting of genomic regions were performed with dedicated software called AutoSNPa. Selected regions were further investigated by genotyping with microsatellite markers derived from known and novel polymorphic repeats. Two-point LOD score calculation was performed by using the MLINK of Fastlink computer package. All three coding exons of ARS [component B] gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Sequencing of all the coding exons of ARS [component B] gene in the affected individuals revealed a recurrent missense mutation in exon 3 at base pair 256 from Guanine to Alanine [256G>A] and as a result the amino acid Glycine is replaced by Arginine at position 86 [G86R]. This finding will facilitate control of affected MDM births in the Pakistani families
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Antigens, Ly , Mutation , Genotyping Techniques , Genetic Counseling , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Mutual communication requires a media and printing is one of the effective and easily diffusible media for communication. During the last few years, revolutionary changes have taken place in communication technology. It is essential for the expansion and development of education and for dissemination of all theories, ideas, inventions and discoveries of mankind. To evaluate the occupational health hazards associated with inks used in printing processes at Jang Group of Newspapers, Lahore. This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 workers who were directly in the use of ink during the period from 1999 to 2000. The concentrations of various chemical are estimated with the help of absorption and adsorption of the air pump by personal sampler and high volume air samples. The air is sucked through glass fiber filter and a column of 10 ml of carbon tetra chloride in a hubble bubble tube. Time of exposure is 0-5 years and in most of the cases the forced expiratory volume in one second is 70% + 5 but peak expiratory flow rate is markedly decreased which shows that lung functions are deteriorated to a considerable extent. As the time of exposure increases that is from 6 to 10 years, 11-15 years and 16-20 years, the lung functions steadily decreases by the increase in the time of exposure and extent of deteriorating in lung functions