ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Zinc is an essential rnicronutrient with catalytic role in over a hundred specific metabolic enzymes in human metabolism regulates the expression of the metallothionein gene, apoptosis and synaptic signaling and needed for many aspects of immune system. Thus the zinc 'supplementation in patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections might have potential benefits
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Study design: Quasi experimental study. Setting: Study was conducted in the pediatrics department Independent hospital Faisalabad; the indoor patients meeting the inclusion criteria from 26[th] January to 25[th] July 2013 were included in study
Material and methods: 100 children meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study which were divided into two groups with random allocation i.e. Group A [Odd number] and Group B [Even number]. Group A was given zinc supplementation 20mg of elemental zinc for 14 days. Along with antimicrobials, oxygen and antipyretics for fever while 50 children in Group B were given with antimicrobials. Oxygen and antipyretics for fever without zinc
Results: Baseline clinical parameters were comparable in both groups at admission. Outcome measures considered were duration of fever, tachypneoa, chest indrawings and total duration of hospital admission. Effect of zinc supplementation is significant with p-value of less than 0.05 for duration of tachypnoea and chest indrawings and total duration of hospital admission while result showed p-value equal to 0.05 that is just significant for duration of fever
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Zinc , Zinc/pharmacology , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
Background: Different methods of heparin extraction are being used
Objective: To compare heparin extraction from bovine pancreas by using three different methods including method of Charles and Scott, Max and Volpi
Methodology: Design: Comparative Study. Setting: The University of Lahore with three month's duration starting from 1[st] July 2013. Fresh twenty samples of bovine pancreas samples were collected from the slaughterhouse of Lahore Pakistan and immediately placed in the ice buckets. The isolated heparin samples were separated into two species, slow moving and fast moving heparin by agarose gel electrophoresis. The anticoagulant activity of heparin samples was determined by using assay of Mitali et al [1982]
Results: The percentage yield of heparin extracted by Volpi method was significantly higher [P<0.001] i.e. 0.446% with the anticoagulant activity of 19 IU/ mg for bovine pancreas
Conclusion: Heparins are important in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals. The results of our study showed that heparin isolated by the method of Volpi was significantly higher for bovine pancreas
ABSTRACT
Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common abnormal physical finding in first few weeks of lif and its most common management is phototherapy. Amongst other common complications a less known complication of phototherapy is hypocalcemia
Objectives: to study the incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia in neonates and to have a comparison between preterm and term neonates
Study design: descriptive cross-sectional study
Setting: paediatric Unit II DHQ Hospital Faisalabad, which is a tertiary care centre for all kind of patients
Duration of study with dates: six months from 1-11-2012 to 30-04-2013
Methods: 196 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia full term / preterm neonates admitted in pediatric DHQ hospital faislabad were selected. Inclusion criteria. 1] Hyperbilirubinemia. 2] No hypocalcemia on admission. 3] Received phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. Serum Calcium levels were measured in all neonates before and 48 hours after receiving phototherapy. Incidence of hypocalcemia among all neonates was calculated as an absolute percentage and the sample population was also divided into preterm / full term neonates to evaluate the incidence of hypocalcemia in these two groups individually
RESULTS: mean serum calcium in neonates was 7.5+- 1.5 mg / dl .16.84% of neonates were found to have calcium level below the cut off value. 33 out of 196 developed hypocalcemia after phototherapy and out of these 54% were preterm and 45% were term neonates < P-value [0.01]>
Conclusion: phototherapy induces hypocalcemia in neonates more so in preterm neonates
Impact: consideration for additional calcium supplementation should be undertaken in all neonates undergoing phototherapy and further randomized trials need to be done with these concerns
ABSTRACT
Chronic renal failure is defined as progressive and irreversible loss of renal functions that gradually progress to end-stage renal disease. The etiology of chronic renal failure in childhood correlates closely with the age of patient at the time when the renal failure is first detected. The aim was to assess the underlying causes and risk factors of chronic renal failure and to identify the clinical presentation of chronic renal failure in children reporting at Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It was a cross sectional study. The study was done in a period of one year starting from March 20th, 2007 to March 20, 2008. The study was done in the Department of Pediatrics medicine Allied Hospital Faisalabad. CRF was defined as glomerular filtration rate less than 25% of the normal for that age and sex. Patients of either sex ranging from 6 months to 15 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Sampling technique was non-probability convenience sampling. In addition to clinical evaluation, they were investigated to find out the underline causes. Out of 40 patients of CRF males were [n-28], females were [n-12], with male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Mean age of males was 7.36+ 3.98 and females was 8.96+ 2.65. Etiological factors found in 34[85%] patients included congenital malformations [9-22.5%] urolithiasis [8-20%] reflux nephropathy [6-15%] glomerulopathies [3-7.5%] neurogenic bladder [2-5%] strictures [1-2.5%] and miscellaneous [5-20.5%] Etiology was unknown in 6 patients [15%]. Failure to thrive 77%, Respiratory distress 75%, Pallor 75%, Fever 75%, Headache 67%, Vomiting 63%, Edema 50%, and Anorexia 42% were the most common clinical features at presentation
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the various types of congenital heart defects and to determine their frequency in children with Down's syndrome. Descriptive study. Department of Pediatrics, Independent University Hospital Faisal Abad Pakistan, from January 2010 to December 2012. 93 children between the ages of day 1 to 12 years, diagnosed clinically as Down's syndrome based on its characteristic phenotypic appearance, were included in the study. A detailed history, physical examination and evaluation of cardiovascular status [including Chest x-ray, Electrocardiogram and Echocardiography] were performed in each Down's syndrome case. Variables of interest included age, sex, maternal age at birth and type and frequency of congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease was present in 48 [51.62%] children out of 93 children with Down's syndrome. Congenital cardiac defects in order of predominant type and their frequency included Ventricular septal defect [29, 60.4%], Atrioventricular septal defect [14, 29.1%], Atrial septal defect [2, 4.1%], Patent ductus arteriosis [2, 4.1%] and Tetralogy of Fallots [1, 2%]. 68 [73.2%] Down's syndrome children [n=93] presented during their first year of life with mean age of 7 +/- 4 months. Male predominance was observed in both with and without congenital heart disease Down's syndrome children [male: female 1.7:1 and 2.5:1 respectively]. Mean maternal age at birth was 27 +/- 2 years. Congenital heart disease [CHD] is frequently associated with Down's syndrome [DS]. Ventricular septal defects and atrioventricular septal defects are the most common forms of CHDs in DS children of our region. Their earlier presentation [in infancy] and significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality of DS children warrants early diagnosis of DS and mandatory screening of all DS children for associated CHDs
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Heart Defects, Congenital , Child , Maternal AgeABSTRACT
To describe outcome of Limberg flap in chronic recurrent pilonidal sinus disease. Case series. This study was done at Surgical Unit-3, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad [LUMHS] from February 2005 to March 2012.Through sampling of convenience all patients irrespective of age and gender with chronic recurrent pionidal sinus disease were included. During the study period 25 patients were enrolled. Two patients were lost to follow-up and were excluded from final analysis. All 23 patients were males, with mean age of 27 year. The mean operative time was 52 minutes and mean hospital stay of 7 days. None of the patients developed flap failure. No recurrence was noted for a mean follow up period of 10 months [range 9-12 months] The Limberg flap for recurrent chronic pilonidal sinus disease was safe and easy to perform procedure with minimum morbidity and early recovery
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Surgical Flaps , Chronic Disease , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Dental disease is prevalent among young children, particularly those from lower socioeconomic populations; however few preschool-aged children ever visit a dentist. Dental caries is a common childhood disease. To observe the frequency of dental caries particularly focusing on effects of regular brushing habits with fluoride tooth paste on dental caries in children of different communities of Faisalabad. Cross sectional study. Setting Four communities of Faisalabad located at: Punjab Medical College Colony, Youngwala, Agricultural University Colony, People Colony No.2. Six months from 01 -07-2009 to 31-12-2009. Total 379 patients were included in this study. Dental caries status was recorded after complete intraoral examination of selected children. Sample of drinking water was taken from each patient and fluoride level was measured in Laboratory. Mean age of the children was observed 8.8 +/- 1.8 years. When socioeconomic status of studied population was considered majority i.e. 150 children [39.6%] was from higher socioeconomic class, 139 children [36.7%] were from middle class and 90 children [23.7%] from lower socioeconomic class. As for as sources of drinking water is concerned 132 children [34.9%] using ground water, 113 children [29.8%] canal water, 83 children [21.9%] filtered water and 51 children [13.4%] mineral water and level of fluoride in drinking water, [sources ground water, canal, filter water and mineral water is < 0.7 PPM which is suboptimal for caries protection]. Regular brushing with fluoride containing tooth paste were very effective in preventing dental caries. Dental health services should focus primarily on the prevention of dental caries
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome [PXS] in patients greater than 40 years of age, undergoing cataract surgery in Eye department Military Hospital Rawalpindi.Quasi experimental Study. Eye Department Military Hospital Rawalpindi, for 06 months duration, from March 2005 to August 2005. A total of 1008 patients, greater than 40 years of age, admitted in Eye department Military Hospital Rawalpindi for cataract surgery were included. Patients were examined on slit lamp for evidence of PXS and those with the disease were subjected to further thorough examination including Visual acuity, Goldmann applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, slit lamp examination before and after dilation of the pupil and fundus examination. Out of 1008 patients 36 [3.57%] were found to be having PXS, out of which 29 patients were male and 7 females. Male to female ratio was 4:1 appx. The disease was bilateral in 66.7% [24 cases] and unilateral in 33.3% [12 cases]. The frequency increased with advancing age. Frequency of PXS increases with the advancing age with associatation but associated with grade in insignificant