Distribution frequency of hepatitis C virus genotypes in pateints attending liaquat university hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad

To assess the frequency of different genotypes of Hepatitis C virus in patients attending Liaquat University Hospital [LUH] Jamshoro Sindh. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Medicine at Liaquat University hospital Jamshoro from June to December 2012. A total of 107 patients with Hepatitis C fulfilling the selection criteria and with informed consent were included in the study. Blood samples were taken from patients for HCV genotyping. A qualified pathologist performed HCV genotyping. Total 107 patients of Hepatitis C were selected by non probability consecutive sampling. Mean age was 36.58 +/- 10.5 years. Fifty six [52.3%] were male and fifty one [47.7%] were female. The commonest genotype was genotype 3 [72.9%] followed by genotype 2 [18.7%], genotype 1 [7.5%] and genotype 4 [0.9%]. The commonest HCV genotype 3 subtype was subtype a [73.8%] followed by subtype b [25.2%] and subtype c [0.9%]. HCV genotype 3 with distribution frequency of 72.9% and subtype a with distribution frequency of 73.8% were the commonest in our study population.

Serum vitamin D level in type 2 diabetic patients

To find out serum vitamin D levels in type 2 DM patients in Hyderabad. Cross sectional study. Private clinics, OPDs of government hospitals like Qasimabad, Latifabad and Pretabad. Duration: January to July 2013. Total 550 patients were selected, 450 patients [250 males and 200 females] taken from different OPDs of Hyderabad and towns or Tehsils with diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes mellitus and another 100 patients were taken as control [60 males and 40 females]. The mean age was 45.6 years. The written consent was obtained and demographic features were noted, 3cc of blood was taken for estimation of vitamin D levels. The level of vitamin D was done on an Electrochemiluminescence Immuno Assay [ECLIA] at Diagnostic and Research laboratory Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences [LUMHS] Jamshoro, Sind. Out of 550, 450 diabetic subjects tested for vitamin D, females were 44.4%and 55.5% were males. The deficiency was seen in 33.7% patients [p <0.04] and Vitamin D insufficiency was observed in20% in both sex. In control group, the deficiency was observed in 23% in females and 20% in males while insufficiency noted in 5% in both sex. The study showed significant decreased levels of vitamin D in type 2 Diabetic subjects than normal individuals. The vitamin D deficiency increased considerably in females with diabetes type 2

Effect of combination of nigella sativa and trigonella foenum-graecum seeds with glibenclamide on blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

To evaluate the effect of combination of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds with Glibenclamide on blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. Arandomized clinical trial. Diabetic outpatient clinics of Isra University Hyderabad and Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from March to August 2008. For this study, Type-2 diabetic mellitus patients on Glibenclamide, who gave written consent to volunteer in the study, were randomly divided into two groups. Fifty patients in Group [A] [Control Group] remained on routine dose of Glibenclamide, while fifty patients in Group [B] [Intervention Group] were kept on a capsule containing combined powder of N-sativa and T. foenum-graecum seeds powder, in addition to their routine dose of Glibenclamide. Patients in both the groups were evaluated for a period of 3 months for fasting and random sugar levels. It was found that the blood sugar level fasting [p-value=0.003] and the random [p-value<0.001] significantly decreased in intervention group compared to control group. This study indicates that combination therapy of N. sativa and T. foenum-graecum seeds with Glibenclamide has significant effect in controlling hyperglycemia

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy [CAN] in type-1 diabetes, mellitus patients and its association with the duration of disease and glycemic control

To determine the frequency of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy [CAN] in type-1 Diabetes mellitus patients and its association with the duration of disease and glycemic control. Descriptive study. Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from December, 2004 to April, 2005. Fifty patients of type-1 Diabetes Mellitus [DM] of >/= 10 years duration were selected. CAN was evaluated in terms of presence of resting tachycardia, loss of sinus arrhythmia and heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver by electrocardiogram [ECG]. An R-R variation with respiration of >15 beats per minute was taken normal, while 10-15 beats and <10 beats per minute were taken as borderline and definitive CAN respectively. QTc intervals were measured. Patients with HbA1c levels <7% were considered as well-controlled. The associations between CAN, the duration of diabetes and the diabetic control were determined. The mean age was 35.16 +/- 10.58 years with 32 males and 18 females. The mean values for the known duration of diabetes and HbA1c were 13 +/- 7.3 years and 9.36 +/- 2.5 mg/dl respectively. Definitive and borderline CAN were noted in 20% and 24% respectively. Variability of heart rate with respiration was significantly related to the duration but not to the control of the diabetes [p < 0.05]. QTc showed a significant correlation with the known duration of diabetes and heart rate variability with respiration [p < 0.05]. Most of the patients had uncontrolled glycemic status. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is common in long standing type-1 diabetics. CAN resulted in prolonged QTc interval that may result in cardiac arrhythmias and even death. Intensive glycemic control improves the cardiac autonomic nerve functions