ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the lithium induced histological alteration in testes of albino rats and their amelioration by Vitamin E
Study Design: Experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at department of Anatomy, Baqai Medical University, Karachi from July 2010 to August 2010
Materials and Methods: The rats were assigned into three experimental groups [eight rats/group]: control group, lithium group and lithium plus vitamin E treated group. Lithium [50 mg/kg/day] and vitamin E [50mg/kg/day] were given intraperitoneally for 21 days. At the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed and testes removed and processed for routine H and E. Slides were studied for histological examination under light microscope
Results: Lithium treated rats showed decreased body and testicular weights, spermatogenic cells such as primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were decreased, very little spermatozoa were seen in lumen of seminiferous tubules, significant increase in tubular count observed while tubular diameter, germinal epithelial thickness, number and size of nuclei of leydig cells were highly significantly reduced. In lithium plus vitamin E treated group, body and testicular weight, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids were restored near to control. Tubular lumen also showed many spermatozoa. Tubular diameter, germinal epithelial thickness, numberand size of nuclei of leydig cells were also returned tocontrol
Conclusion: Our study conclude that lithium causes detrimental effect on testicular morphology through oxidative stress and vitamin E provided protection through its antioxidative property
ABSTRACT
Aims: The main objective of this work was to observe the analgesic activity of Manilkara zapota (leaves) on mice. Study Design: The Present study was designed to observe pharmacological activities of the crude extracts of the plant Manilkara zapota (leaves). The study protocol consisted of Cold extraction at room temperature of the whole plant with distilled methanol. Afterwards, Filtration of the crude Methanolic and Petroleum ether extracts by using the Markin cotton cloth and subsequently through the filter paper and solvent evaporation. Finally, screening of analgesic activity of crude extracts on Swiss Albino mice. Place and Duration of Study: School of Science and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh, January 2011 to August 2012. Methodology: The analgesic activity was investigated for its peripheral pharmacological actions by using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Results: The Methanolic and Petroleum Ether extracts, at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, displayed 96.82% & 94.27% pain inhibition which was significant (p<0.001) compared to control. These results indicate that the extracts possess significant analgesic activity. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Methanolic and Petroleum Ether extract of Manilkara zapota leaves have analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner which supports it’s as an analgesic drug in folk medicine.
ABSTRACT
Nanogels based materials have high drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability which are the key points to design a drug delivery system effectively. The pursuit of this review article is to concisely describe the recent development of nanogel drug delivery system in terms of drug loading and swelling of drug from nanogels. Furthermore, biomedical application and current clinical trial studies of nanogel are summarized briefly. Here, different types of nanogels along with the synthetic procedure and mechanism of drug release from nanogel carrier are mainly focused. An intensive study of clinical trial in future will confirm nanogel as a suitable carrier for drug delivery.
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of various types of malignant lymphoma [ML] in the Al-Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA] according to recently introduced the WHO classification. For this retrospective analysis, material was available in 385 out of 519 cases diagnosed as ML from 1988-2007. Morphological assessment was followed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies. The study was conducted at Prince Faisal Oncology Centre [PFOC] of King Fahad Specialist Hospital [KFSH], Buraidah, Al-Qassim, KSA. Out of 385 cases reviewed, 251 [65.2%] had non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL] and 117 [30.4%] had Hodgkin lymphoma [HL]. Male preponderance [male to female ratio 1.6:1] and a wide age range was observed [6 months to 103 years]. B cell neoplasms were the most common NHL seen [81.6%] and diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL] was the most frequent type of NHL encountered [50.1%]. Indolent lymphomas like follicular lymphoma [FL] and small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL] were rather uncommon [13.2%]. T cell lymphoma comprised 18.3% of the NHL. The most common type of HL was nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma [NSCHL] [68.3%]. In Al-Qassim region of KSA, NHL is the most common ML seen and DLBCL the most common type. Unlike other parts of KSA and Middle East, NSCHL is the most common type of HL encountered
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hodgkin Disease , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Lymphoma, T-Cell , World Health Organization , Retrospective Studies , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Ulcerative colitis [UC] is being reported more frequently among the Arabs. Information on the clinical severity, endoscopic and histological grading is scanty. Aim: To assess the severity of the disease and its response to therapy in patients referred to a tertiary care referral centre in Gassim region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]. Hospital records of thirty- four patients found to have UC from 1990-2002 were analyzed. The study included clinical severity, endoscopical and histological assessment, response to therapy and frequency of complications. There were 21 males and 13 females with median age 35 [range: 18-76] Years. The disease was clinically mild in seven patients [21%], moderate in 11 [32%] and sever in 16 [47%]. Endoscopically UC was graded as 2 in three patients [9%], 3 in 21 patients [59%] and 4 in ten patients [29%]. Histologically UC was mild to moderate in 11 patients [32%] and sever in 23 [68%]. Extent of UC was total in nine patients [26%], up to transverse colon in six [18%], splenic flexure in 14 [41%], rectosigmoid region in four [12%] and only up to the rectum in one [3%]. Twenty-nine patients [85%] were treated with salazopyrine and five patients [15%]; [two of them were hypersenitive to salazopyrine] received 5- aminosalicylic acid. Proctocolectomy was performed in two with a focus of malignancy. No patient died during the median follow- up period of 48 months [range: 4 month to 12 years]. Ulcerative colitis presented with varying severity, more frequently in males in the population studied. Most of the patients responded to salazopyrine and surgery was necessary when malignancy was detected